梨成熟花药中生长调节物质及矿质元素含量的分析

以丰水和新高梨为试材,分析了花药内花粉量和花粉的萌发特性,并在即将开花的花蕾期,对其花药中不同种类和形态的多胺、生长素、脱落酸以及矿质元素进行分析,以探讨蕾期花粉生活力高的原因。结果表明:丰水梨每个花药中有大量花粉,并且花粉的萌发率高,达到84.8%,而新高中花粉非常少,并且生活力非常低;丰水梨花药中腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的总量均极显著地高于新高;而且丰水中不同形态(游离态、高氯酸可溶共价结合态高氯酸不溶共价结合态)的3种多胺也都显著或极显著地高于新高;生长素、脱落酸与多胺表现出同样的规律;丰水矿质营养中的钾、钙、镁、铁、铜和锌含量也高于新高,在这些元素中以钾含量为最高,微量元素中以锌含量为最高。

Analysis of growth regulative substances and mineral nutrients in mature anther of pears

The number of pollens was examined in the anther of pear cultivars: Housui and Niitaka (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), and the trait of pollen germination was analyzed. In order to explore mechanism of high vigor pollens in stage of bud to be in blossom, different kinds and forms of Polyamines (PAs), Auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and mineral nutrients of anther were examined. The results indicated that: there were a lot of pollens in the anther of Housui, whose germination rate was 84.8%, but there were few pollens in the anther of Niitaka, whose vigor was very low; Putrescine (Put), Spermidine (Spd) and Spermine (Spm) content in anther of Housui were significantly higher than those of Niitaka. PAs of various form (free, Perchloric acid soluble covalently conjugated and Perchloric acid insoluble covalently conjugated) in anther of Housui were also significantly or very significantly higher than those of Niitaka; IAA and ABA content showed the same law as PAs; Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) content of Housui were higher than those of Niitaka, and K and Zn content was the highest among macro elements and micro elements, respectively.