豫北主要农作物光热资源利用效率研究

利用豫北地区沁阳市农业气象观测站长时间序列冬小麦和夏玉米观测资料及其对应气象资料,采用数理统计和线性趋势分析方法,分析了该地区冬小麦和夏玉米主要物候期、全生育期光热资源及其利用效率的状况和时间变化特征。结果表明,1983-2007年,豫北地区冬小麦成熟期显著提前,全生育期天数明显缩短,其缩短趋势为每10a4.9d;夏玉米播种期显著提前,全生育期明显延长,其延长趋势为每10a4.0d;豫北地区气温升高的趋势显著,冬小麦和夏玉米全生育期有效积温均明显增加,其速率分别为7.8(℃.d)/a和10.0(℃.d)/a;太阳总辐射在冬小麦全生育期显著减少,其减少速率为9.5MJ/(m2.a),而在夏玉米全生育期变化趋势不明显。经统计分析发现(n=25),豫北地区冬小麦光、热利用效率分别为0.40%和3.5kg/(℃.d.hm2),夏玉米分别为0.70%和4.0kg/(℃.d.hm2);从时间变化趋势看,冬小麦和夏玉米光热资源利用效率均呈现明显增加的趋势,其热量利用效率的增加速率分别为每10a0.7kg/(℃.d.hm2)和每10a0.6kg/(℃.d.hm2);而光能利用效率的增加速率均为每10a0.10%。

Light and Heat Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Northern Region of Henan Province

Based on the meteorological data and observed growth stage data of winter wheat and summer maize from 1983 to 2007 in northern region of Henan province,the conditions and variation trends of the crop primary phonological periods,light and heat resources during the whole growing periods and their utilization efficiency were statistically analyzed.The results showed that from 1983 to 2007 winter wheat got mature in advance significantly and the whole growing period decreased,with 4.9 days shortened every 10 years.For summer maize,the sowing date was in advance significantly and the whole growing period increased during the same period,with 4.0 days extended every 10 years.The temperature in this region increased remarkably,the effective accumulated temperature of winter wheat and summer maize during growth seasons increased significantly,at the rate of 7.8(℃·d)/a and 10.0(℃·d)/a,respectively.The global solar radiation during the growing period of winter wheat decreased significantly at the rate of 9.5 MJ/(m2·a),however,the trend was not statistically significant for summer maize.On average,the utilization efficiency of light and heat by winter wheat were 0.40% and 3.5 kg/(℃·d·ha),respectively,while for summer maize,the utilization efficiency of light and heat were 0.70% and 4.0 kg/(℃·d·ha) respectively,which were a little greater than those of winter wheat.From 1983 to 2007,the utilization efficiency of heat and light by winter wheat and summer maize both significantly increased.The increasing rates of heat utilization efficiency of wheat and maize were 0.7 kg/(℃·d·ha) and 0.6 kg/(℃·d·ha) every 10 years,and the increasing rates of light utilization efficiency of the two crops were 0.10% every 10 years.