灌溉模式对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响

为探讨不同灌溉模式下玉米生长形态及产量差异,在降雨和前期土壤特性一定的情况下,对春玉米覆膜滴灌、覆膜漫灌、不覆膜喷灌及不覆膜不灌4种灌溉方式下的植株生育动态、植株性状和产量形成进行了分析。结果表明:覆膜滴灌条件下,玉米生育进程加快,提早成熟,比不覆膜喷灌、不覆膜不灌处理成熟期提前10～11d。覆膜滴灌有效促进玉米植株株高增加,其株高比不覆膜喷灌、不覆膜不灌的分别增加6.7%、18.5%。覆膜滴灌提高了叶片生长速度,增加了叶面积及根量,各时期叶面积平均值比不覆膜喷灌、不覆膜不灌的分别增加17.8%、21.5%;各时期根层数、根条数平均值比不覆膜不灌的分别增加1.7层/株和13.0条/株。覆膜滴灌有利于玉米果穗形成和粒籽灌浆,增加穗粒数,提高百粒重,其穗粒质量比不覆膜喷灌、不覆膜不灌的分别增加15.5%和73.3%。覆膜滴灌既具有节水增产效果,也有保墒促早熟的特点。

Effects on Growth and Yield Formation of Maize under Different Irrigation Techniques

For the purpose of exploring difference of growth and yield of maize under different irrigation techniques,in the same cases of rainfall and soil properties,the dynamic plant growth period,plant traits and yield formation under mulch drip irrigation(MDI),plastic mulching by flood irrigation(MFI),sprinkler irrigation(SI) and non-irrigation were analyzed.The results showed that MDI speeded up the growth process of maize,and made maturity stage 10-11 d earlier than SI and non-irrigation.MDI effectively promoted plant height,which increased by 6.7% and 18.5% compared to SI and non-irrigation,respectively.MDI also enhanced the leaf growth speed,and increased the leaf area and the root quantity.The mean leaf area of various times increased by 17.8% and 21.5%,respectively,compared to SI and non-irrigation,while the mean values of root layers and root number increased by 1.7 and 13.0 compared to non-irrigation.Besides,MDI was conductive to ear formation and grain seed filling,and could increase the number of grains per spike and grain weight.The spike grain weight increased over that of SI and non-irrigation by 15.5% and 73.3%,respectively.MDI was characterized by saving of irrigational water and preservation of soil moisture to promote maize premature and output-increasing.