纯施有机肥对烤烟产量、产值和品质的影响

为探索纯施有机肥对河南烟区烟叶生产的影响,寻求适宜河南烟区的纯施有机肥模式,以现阶段大田常规施肥(300kg/hm2商品芝麻饼肥+无机肥料)为对照(CK),研究了不同纯施有机肥模式对烟叶生产的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,纯施有机肥处理的烤烟田间长势较好,产量变化不大,产值和均价增加,烟叶烟碱和总氮含量明显下降,总糖、钾、氯含量及糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比增加。其中,300kg/hm2纯芝麻饼肥+150kg/hm2牛油+7 500kg/hm2腐熟牛粪处理的烤烟田间长势最好,其中圆顶期株高、茎围、叶数和最大叶长、最大叶宽分别比CK增加24.84%、18.87%、29.17%、3.31%和20.42%;油分较多;产值、均价、上等烟比例最高,分别为40 885.20元/hm2、15.02元/kg、48.28%;烟叶化学成分最为协调,其中总糖、还原糖含量分别比CK增加2.1、2.43个百分点,糖碱比、氮碱比、两糖比分别比CK增加1.95、0.014、0.03个百分点;感官评吸表现最好,总分最高(35.5),香气质好,香气量足。综上所述,目前河南烟区烟叶生产中以施用300kg/hm2纯芝麻饼肥+150kg/hm2牛油+7 500kg/hm2腐熟牛粪处理的有机肥施用模式较好。

Effects of Pure Organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield,Output Value and Quality

In order to explore the effect of pure organic fertilizers on tobacco production and seek a suitable model of the pure organic fertilizer in Henan tobacco production regions,different models of pure organic fertilizers were studied compared with the control group of field conventional fertilization(300 kg/ha goods sesame cake+inorganic fertilizer,CK).The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco grew better by applying pure organic fertilizers.Its output changed little,and the production value and the average price increased compared with CK.The nicotine and total nitrogen content decreased obviously,while the total sugar,potassium,chlorine and sugar/nicotine ratio,nitrogen/nicotine ratio,potassium/chloride ratio had an increase.The vigorous growth by the treatment of 300 kg/ha pure sesame cake+150 kg/ha butter+7 500 kg/ha decomposed cow dung was the best among all treatments.By applying 300 kg/ha pure sesame cake+150 kg/ha butter+7 500 kg/ha decomposed cow dung,the plant height,stem circumference,leaf number and maximum leaf length and width increased by 24.84%,18.87%,29.17%,3.31% and 20.42%,respectively;the tobacco had more oil;the output value,average price and the proportion of superior tobacco leaves were 40 885.20 yuan/ha,15.02 yuan/kg,48.28%,respectively;the tobacco chemical composition was most coordinated and the total sugar,reducing sugar,sugar/nicotine ratio,nitrogen/nicotine ratio and total sugar/reducing sugar ratio increased 2.1,2.43,1.95,0.014,0.03 percentage points,respectively;it had the best sensory evaluation and the highest score(35.5) among under the different models of pure organic fertilizers,as well as a good aroma quality and quantity.In summary,the model using 300 kg/ha pure sesame cake+150 kg/ha butter+7 500 kg/ha decomposed cow dung was the best for the current tobacco production in Henan.