鸡腹泻病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验研究

为了对来自河南省部分地区的腹泻病(死)鸡进行病原确诊及了解病原对药物的敏感性,恰当采集动物病料进行细菌常规分离鉴定和药敏试验。结果共鉴定出5株鸡白痢沙门氏菌和17株鸡源志贺氏菌。分离的志贺氏菌中,痢疾Ⅰ型5株,痢疾Ⅱ型3株,鲍氏多价1株,福氏多价1株,其余7株尚未定型。每株沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌对试验鸡的致病性不同,沙门氏菌发病率为40%～80%,死亡率为10%～20%;志贺氏菌发病率为30%～100%,死亡率为0～90%。药敏试验结果显示:5株鸡白痢沙门氏菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率均为80%(4/5),对罗红霉素、甲氧苄啶和四环素的耐药率高达100%(5/5);但对头孢唑啉、头孢曲松、阿奇霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星较为敏感,敏感率分别为80%(4/5)、80%(4/5)、80%(4/5)、100%(5/5)、100%(5/5)。多数志贺氏菌对四环素、甲氧苄啶、罗红霉素耐药,耐药率分别为82.35%(14/17)、88.24%(15/17)、100%(17/17);而对头孢唑啉、头孢曲松、阿米卡星较为敏感,敏感率分别为88.24%(15/17)、94.12%(16/17)、94.12%(16/17)。由此可见,在临床上可选取庆大霉素、头孢曲松和阿米卡星作为防治鸡腹泻病的首选药物。

Isolation and Identification of Diarrheal Pathogens from Chicken and Their Drug Sensitivities

In order to make definite diagnosis to the chicken which showed abnormal behaviors in some regions of Henan province,samples from diseased chickens were collected,indentified and then drug sensitive tests were performed.The results showed that five pullorum Salmonellae and seventeen shigellae were isolate d.In all of the shigellae,five were indentified for S.dysenteriae with typeⅠ,three were indentified for S.dysenteriae with typeⅡ,one was S.flexnerri,one was S.boydii,but the serotypes of the last seven strains can’t be characterized.Every strain has different pathogenicity.For pullorum Salmonellae,the morbility was varied from 40% to 80% and the mortality was from 10% to 20%.For shigellae,the morbility was varied from 30% to 100% and the mortality was from 0 to 90%.The drug sensitivity tests showed that the resistance rates of five pullorum Salmonellae to amoxicillin,ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin and ofloxacin were all 80% and to roxithromycin id,trimethoprim,tetracycline were all 100%.But sensitivity rates were 80% to cefazolin,ceftriaxone and azithromycin,100% to gentamycin and amikacin.Resistance rates of shigellae were 82.35% to tetracycline,88.24% to Trimethoprim,100% to roxithromycin while the sensitivity rates are 88.24% to cefazolin,94.12% to ceftriaxone and amikacin.Therefore,gentamycin,ceftriaxone and amikacin could be the optimal drugs to prevent and treat chicken diarrheal diseases.