不同肥料配施对砂质潮土玉米产量与土壤培肥的影响

为探讨不同肥料配施对玉米增产和土壤培肥的效果,在延津县砂质潮土上开展了氮(0、90、180、270kg/hm2)、磷(0、90kg/hm2)、钾(0、90kg/hm2)的配施效果研究。结果表明,氮磷钾配施可以显著提高玉米产量,较对照增加2.43%～17.44%。氮肥处理玉米产量随施氮量的增加而增加,分别较对照增产6.89%、8.76%、12.57%;配施P 90kg/hm2或K 90kg/hm2后,与单施氮肥增产趋势一致,且以配施磷肥增产效果较好,较对照增产7.36%～13.58%;氮磷钾配施处理效果最好,玉米产量随施肥量增加而增加,其增产幅度分别比相应单质氮、氮磷配施和氮钾配施增产4.87%～8.03%、3.86%～4.56%和7.10%～8.21%。其关键在于玉米抗倒伏能力增强,百粒重增加。其中玉米茎粗较对照增加0.04～0.45cm,有效穗长增加0.10～1.82cm,百粒重提高2～10g。对土壤耕层养分分析表明,氮磷配施对砂质潮土培肥具有积极效果。与播种前比,土壤耕层有机质含量增加0.16～0.92g/kg,相应氮磷钾配施处理分别增加水解氮7.2～21.7mg/kg、有效磷0.73～0.94 mg/kg、有效钾0.1～1.3 mg/kg,仅氮磷配施处理有效钾降低明显,分别减少0.2～2.8mg/kg。说明科学施肥不仅能够提高玉米产量,而且利于土壤培肥。考虑综合效益和肥料成本,建议采用N270P90K90配方。

Effect of Fertilizers Application on Corn Yield and Soil Fertility in Sandy Soil

To explore the effect of fertilizers application on corn production and soil fertility,the experiment of nitrogen(0,90,180,270 kg/ha),phosphorus(0,90 kg/ha) and potash(0,90 kg/ha) fertilization on corn yield and soil fertility was carried out in sandy soil in Yanjin of Henan province.The results showed that the yield of corn could be improved significantly by rational nitrogen,phosphorus and potash ratio,which was increased by 2.43% to 17.44% compared to the contrast(CK).The yield was increased with the volume of nitrogen,which increased by 6.89% to 12.57% compared to CK.The tendency of production increase was the same after phosphorus or potash was fertilized simultaneously.The effect of fertilization of nitrogen and phosphorus,which increased the yield by 7.36% to 13.58%,was better than that of nitrogen and potash.The best effect for production increase was fertilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash,which increased the yield by 4.87%-8.03%,3.86%-4.56% and 7.10%-8.21%,respectively,compared to the treatments of nitrogen application,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization,and nitrogen and potash fertilization.The key of yield increase was in that the 100-grain weight was increased and the lodging resistant ability was enhanced.The 100-grain weight increased by 2-10 g,the effective panicle length improved by 0.10-1.82 cm and the stem diameter increased by 0.04-0.45 cm compared to CK.At the same time,the effect of soil fertility was also improved.The content of soil organic matter was increased by 0.16-0.92 g/kg.The contents of hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potash were improved by 7.2-21.7 mg/kg,0.73-0.94mg/kg and 0.1-1.3 mg/kg,compared to the treatments of corresponding nitrogen,phosphorus and potash application.But the content of available potash was decreased by 0.2-2.8 mg/kgunder no potash application.In a word,it not only increases the production,but also improves the soil fertility by scientific fertilization.Considering the cost and the comprehensive profit,the best ratio is N270P90K90.