密集烘烤定色升温方式对烤烟质量及中性致香物质含量的影响

为确定烤烟烘烤定色阶段最优的升温方式,优化河南烟区密集烘烤工艺、提高烤烟质量,以中烟100为材料,在烘烤定色阶段设置慢加速升温和分段升温2种升温方式,研究了不同升温方式对烟叶经济性状和耗能成本、外观质量、主要化学成分含量、感官评吸质量以及中性挥发性香气成分含量的影响。结果表明,与分段升温相比,定色阶段采用慢加速升温的经济效益较好,煤耗降低,上等烟比例增加,均价提高0.15元/kg,产值增加318元/hm2;烤后烟叶油分、色度、挂灰杂色等外观品质指标得到改善;中部烟和上部烟总糖、还原糖含量分别增加0.82、0.33个百分点和0.66、0.22个百分点,烟碱、淀粉含量分别降低0.11、0.09个百分点和0.54、1.03个百分点,化学成分趋于协调;感官评吸整体得分高,香气量增加、刺激性减轻;中部烟叶新植二烯含量、挥发性物质总量分别增加8.20%、5.68%,同时中、上部叶新植二烯占挥发性物质总量的比例和茄酮含量均增加。而定色阶段采用分段升温,上部烟叶新植二烯含量和挥发性物质总量较高,且烤后烟叶类胡萝卜素降解产物、芳香族氨基酸类降解产物、美拉德反应产物总量较高。综合分析认为,密集烘烤定色阶段采用慢加速升温方式,即升温速度先慢后快,干球温度分38～40℃、42～46℃、46～50℃、50～54℃等4个阶段,正常烟叶升温速度依次为每4、3、2、1h升温1℃,对烟叶进行烘烤,经济效益和烤后烟叶质量较好,值得在河南烟叶密集烘烤中推广应用。

Effect of Rising Temperature Mode in Flue-curing Color Fixing Stage on Tobacco Quality and Neutral Aroma Constituent Content

In order to confirm the optimal rising temperature mode in flue-curing color fixing stage,and further to optimize the bulk curing process and improve the quality of flue-cured toba-cco,two different rising temperature modes(treatmentⅠ:1 ℃ every 4 hours during in 38-42 ℃ period,1 ℃ every 3 hours during 42-46 ℃ period,1 ℃ every 2 hours during 46-50 ℃ period,1 ℃ every hour during 50-54 ℃ period;treatmentⅡ:1 ℃ every(1-3) hours during 38-42 ℃,42-46 ℃,46-50 ℃ and 50-54 ℃ period) in co-lor fixing stage were set to study their effect on economic benefits,appearance quality,main content of chemical composition,smoking quality and content of neutral volatile aromatic constituents of flue-cured tobacco Zhongyan 100.The results showed that,compared with treatment Ⅱ,economic benefits in treatment Ⅰwere better.Meanwhile,its coal consumption decreased,high class leaf proportion increased,and average price and production value raised 0.15 yuan/kg and 318 yuan/ha,respectively.Moreover,oil composition,color and variegation of flue-cured leaf were optimized.In the middle and upper tobacco leaf,total sugar and reducing sugar increased 0.82,0.33 percent points and 0.66,0.22 percent points,while nicotine and starch decreased 0.11,0.09 percent points and 0.54,1.03 percent points,respectively,comprehensively indicating a more coordinate chemical composition.Besides offensive smell was reduced,total score of smoking quality was increased and quantity of aroma was improved.The content of neophytadiene and volatile matter enhanced 8.20% and 5.68% respectively in the middle leaf,and in the meanwhile,the ratio of neophytadiene to volatile matter and content of analytes were improved in the middle and upper leaf.However,the contents of neophytadiene,volatile matter,dissolutions of carotene and aromatic amino acid,and products of Maillard reaction were higher in flue-cured tobacco leaf of treatment Ⅱ.Above all,economic efficiency and leaf quality were improved by rising temperature mode of treatment Ⅰ,which was worth to spread in bulk curing in Henan province.