垄沟耕作条件下液膜覆盖对土壤水热状况及玉米生长的影响

[目的]研究垄沟耕作和液膜覆盖集成技术在旱地作物中的应用效果,为旱田高产高效种植方式的选用提供理论支撑。[方法]应用田间小区试验的方式,进行不同耕作方式下的液态地膜、塑料地膜覆盖及不覆膜种植玉米对比试验。[结果]和不覆膜种植相比,垄沟耕作条件下,覆盖种植显著增加了0—40cm土层含水量,提高了5cm,10cm深土壤温度;覆盖种植较好地促进了玉米前期生长,显著增加了玉米产量,提高了水分利用效率(WUE)(p0.05)。随着覆膜时间的延长,液膜、塑膜覆盖的集水保温效果逐渐减弱。液膜覆盖种植的蓄水保温及增产效果低于塑膜覆盖,但显著优于不覆膜种植。试验前期,降水较少,垄沟耕作的集雨效果不明显,但有明显的增温效应。[结论]与塑膜覆盖种植可能会造成"白色污染"问题相比较,垄沟耕作条件下液膜覆盖是一种较为理想的旱作覆盖栽培技术。

Effects on Soil Temperature, Moisture and Maize Growth of Liquid Film Mulching in Ridge and Furrow Planting Conditions

[Objective] The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of the liquid film mulching in ridge and furrow planting conditions in order to provide theoretical support for the selection of the high-yield planting pattern in dry land.[Methods] Liquid film and plastic film mulching were applied in field plot conditions compared with no-film mulching planting in different tillage conditions.[Results] Compared to no-film mulching,the covered planting in ridge and furrow planting conditions increased markedly soil moisture in 0 to 40 cm profile,and increased soil temperature in 5 cm,10 cm profile in the early stage of maize growth,and covered planting promoted the early stage growth of maize,increased the maize yield remarkably and improved the water use efficiency(WUE) (p＜0.05).With the extension of covering time,the effects of harvesting water and keeping warm in plastic film mulching and liquid film mulching conditions weakened gradually.In the condition of less precipitation in pre-experiment,the collection of rain of furrow cultivation was not obvious,but warming effect was obvious.[Conclusion] The effects of the liquid film mulching planting were poorer than the plastic film mulching planting,and were superior to the no-film mulching planting in terms of harvesting water,keeping warm and increasing production.Considered the problem of "white pollution" of plastic film mulching planting,the liquid film mulching in furrow and ridge planting conditions is an ideal dry land covering cultivation technique.