基于房屋基面数据的安徽省金寨县居民点空间分布特征分析

目的]对安徽省金寨县居民点空间分布特征进行研究,为统筹规划山区农村聚落建设、城镇化建设和居民点优化布局提供科学依据。方法]通过目视解译高分遥感图像建立金寨县居民点房屋基面数据,以地形数据作为本底数据,借助GIS空间分析技术提取金寨县地形属性特征,并将水系、道路、地形等要素同房屋基面数据进行空间关联分析。结果]金寨县59.8%的房屋布局在水系附近500m的范围内,60.5%的房屋布局在道路附近100m的范围内;居民点在海拔400m,坡度20°和起伏度200m以下的地区呈现较高的聚集特征,东南、正东和正南3个坡向分布了45.8%的房屋,朝南的房屋数量是所有朝向中最多的。结论]水系、道路、地形因子和采光条件是影响金寨县居民点布局的重要因素,居民点在水系与道路附近、海拔低、坡度低、起伏度低和采光条件好的地区呈现明显的聚集特征。

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Settlements in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province Based on Housing Base Surface Data

Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial characteristics of settlements in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province and provide a scientific support for the overall planning of rural settlement construction and urbanization and optimizing the layout of the settlements in mountainous region. Methods] Combining settlements'' housing base surface shapes visually interpreted from remote sensing images and terrain properties derived from DEMs, and with the help of GIS spatial techniques, we analyzed the spatial relationships of river system, roads and terrain characteristics with housings in Jinzhai County. Results] 59.8% of the housings were located in the range of 500 m from the river system, and 60.5% of the housings were in the range of 100 m to the road. Settlements tend to aggregate in the area with altitude below 400 m, slope below 20° and relief amplitude below 200 m. 45.8% of the housings are distributed in southeast, east and south facing aspects, among three aspects the south facing aspect have the highest ratio of housings. Conclusion] There is strong relationship between river/road and settlements within limited distance. The river, road, terrain morphology and lighting conditions play very important roles in spatial patterns of settlements. The settlements showed obvious aggregation in areas with low elevation, low slope, low relief amplitude and good lighting conditions.