黄梅县耕地面临的严峻形势及其保护对策

从耕地资源、土壤养分、农田投入和耕地污染4个方面分析了湖北黄梅县耕地面临的严峻形势以及土壤肥料上存在的问题。这些问题突出表现在:该县14年来耕地面积减少了1.20万hm2,人均下降0.03 hm2;2004年复种指数已达194%,用地与养地矛盾日趋突出;土壤有机质含量下降。根据1994年底上乡水田5点统计,14年来土壤有机质含量下降了0.49个百分点,土壤速效养分亏损,缺K的农田面积不断扩大,速效K含量由土壤普查时的110.0 mg/kg,下降到目前的90.0 mg/kg。极其缺乏微量元素的土壤面积逐渐增加,成为影响作物产量的重要因素,全县有效B含量低于0.5 mg/kg的缺B土壤面积占90%,有效Zn含量低于1.0 mg/kg的缺Zn土壤面积占48%。针对上述问题,提出了该县保护农田的两条对策:强化土地规范化管理;通过抓秸秆还田、抓有机肥和绿肥生产实现培肥改土。

Serious Situation of Cultivated Land Faced by Huangmer County and its Countermeasures

The serious situation of the cultivated land faced by Huangmei county of Hubei province and the problems existing in soil fertilizer in detail were analyzed from 4 aspects of cultivated land resources,soil nutrients,farmland input and cultivated land pollution.The problems were mainly expressed:the cultivated land area of the county decreased 1.2 ×104 hm2 in the past 14 years and the decrement per capita was 0.03 hm2;the multiple cropping index had reached 194% in 2004 and the contradiction between land utilization and land conservation was more and more outstanding;the soil organic matter content decreased,being reducing by 0.5% in the past 14 years based on 5 site statistic of Shangxiang paddy soil in the end of 1994;the soil available nutrients lost, the farmland area which was lack of potassium continually increased and the available potassium content decreased from 110.0 mg/kg at the time of soil survey to 90.0 mg/kg at present;the soil area which was extremely lack of microelements increased gradually and would be the important factors influencing crop yield,for example,the boron-lacking soil area whose available boron content was lower than 0.5 mg/kg accounting for 90% and the zinc lacking soil area whose available zinc content was lower than 1.0 mg/kg accounting for 48% in the whole county.Two countermeasures of protecting farmland for the county were put forward so as to strengthen the standardized management of land and realize increasing fertility and improving soil through returning straw to field and producing organic fertilizer and green manure.