不同前茬对烤烟生长、产量和质量的影响

以烤烟K326品种为材料,在石林和寻甸两个不同气候生态点通过田间试验研究了一年两熟条件下油菜、小麦、大麦、绿肥和休闲5种前茬对烟株生长及烟叶产量、质量的影响。结果表明,不同前茬明显影响烟株的生长、成熟、产量、产值和评吸质量,且因生态区不同而有差异。前茬为小麦,两个试点烤烟均表现出前期生长较快、后期落黄较好;前茬为绿肥,烤烟前期生长较慢、后期生长过旺、落黄较迟;前茬为绿肥或休闲地,两试点烤后烟叶产量最高;但产值在石林点则以前茬为大麦、绿肥或油菜,寻甸点以前茬为大麦、绿肥或小麦的处理为最好。烟叶评吸质量在石林以油菜或小麦为前茬、寻甸以小麦或绿肥为前茬的处理最佳。综合而言,烟株生长期间气温较高的石林烟区烤烟前茬以油菜为宜,而气候冷凉的寻甸烟区则以小麦或绿肥为最佳前茬。

Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco Plant

Preceding crops, depending on its type, has been commonly thought having positive or negative effect on subsequent plant growth, yield and even quality, but which type is favorable for next crops is worthy of investigating in tobacco production. Two field experiments were conducted with preceding crops of rape, wheat, barley, green manure and fallow in two different climatic sites, Shilin and Xundian in Yunnan province, respectively. The results showed that tobacco plants' growth, maturity, yield, economic value and smoking quality were significantly affected by the preceding crops. In both sites, tobacco with preceding crop of wheat grew rapidly at the early growth stage and matured earlier at the later stage, but it grew slowly at the early stage, vigorously at the late stage, and delayed in maturity in the field with preceding crop of green manure. The yield for leaf was the highest at two sites where the preceding crops were green manure and fallow. The economic value was the highest when the preceding crops were barley, green manure or rape in Shilin, and barley, green manure or wheat in Xundian. For smoking quality, it was better to plant tobacco following rape or wheat in Shilin, while following wheat or green manure in Xundian. In general, rape is the optimal preceding crop for tobacco in Shilin where the climate during tobacco growth is relatively hot, while wheat or green manure is the better one in Xundian with relatively low temperature during the field growth stage.