乌兰布和农场土地资源开发及生态建设规划的理论与实践

<正> 乌兰布和农场位于乌兰布和沙漠东北部,东、南与磴口县农区相毗连,面积200km~2。其区位特点是处在沙漠与河套灌区之结合部,实属防沙前沿。这里下伏地形为古黄河冲积平原。据考证,乌兰布和沙漠北部曾为汉代垦区,后因战乱而放弃。弃耕后在强烈的风力作用下,在近一千多年来,逐渐演变成沙丘起伏的沙漠化土地。现今土地类型

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LAND RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGIC CONSTRUCTION PLAN IN WULANBUHE FARM

Wulanbuhe Farm lies in the northeastern part of Wulanbuhe Desert, its area is 200km~2, It is on the alluvial plain of Yellow River and ajoints Dengkou County of InnerMongolia Autonomous Region. According to historic information, the north of the desertwas a reclaimed area in Han Dynasty and gradually became into desertified land. The mainland types are clay flat ground, sand dune, lake and depreesion. The sunshine and tempera-ture resources are aboundant, fruit trees, such as apple, pear can survive in winter. Withgravity irrigation of Yellow River and aboundant underground water, there are great poten-tials for oasis agriculture. According to the practical investigation of regional economy, environment and re-sources, a program for exploitating land resources and establishing ecologic oasis has beenworked out, it emphasizes a few principle points: (1) To bring the regional resource advan-tages into full play, land resources must be used comprehensively. (2) The cropping is domi-nant with all- round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery andsideline. (3) The new plan is based on the existing land use pattern. Forestry is the kernel of the ecologic plan, it consists of four gradations, (1) At theperipheries of farmland and the sand pieces among cropland and orchard, the first shieldfor stopping sand is a wide forest belt, the dune-fixed vegetation at the forest belt is neededto establish and protect. (2) The existing forest nets built in past should be completed. (3)The artificial forest that badly grows must be reformed. After finished, the ecologic system can produce ecologic, economic and social benefitsfor local people, and can prevent Wulanbuhe Desert from expanding east and south andprotect the Hetao Irrigated Region.