基于大系统递阶理论的区域抗旱应急调水方案

为了解决旱情紧急情况下关中西部各灌区和各用水部门之间的用水矛盾，该文以大系统递阶理论为基础，采用动态规划方法建立了以总用水量最大为目标的区域水量优化调配模型，根据需水与来水的不同频率组合，拟定了3种一级备选配水方案（第3方案有27种二级备选配水方案），通过对各方案调度结果分析，并考虑实际调度运行的可操作性，推荐采用第3种方案以夏灌调水量作为主要控制因素进行归类合并后形成4灌区11种调水方案。该调水方案在2005－2007年的实际使用中，取得了很好的效果，对该区域的抗旱应急调水提供了科学依据。

Emergency water transfer scheme on regional combating drought based on hierarchical theory of large system

In order to solve water use conflict occurred in different water requirement departments at the irrigation districts in the west of Guanzhong Region under emergent drought situation, the authors set up a regional optimal water allocation model which aimed at largest total water use quantity at the four irrigation districts by using dynamic programming based on hierarchical theory of large system. Three types of first class choice schemes (the third one is made up of 27 second class choice) for water distribution were made according to different frequencies combination between water needs and inflow. Based on the analysis results of various options scheduling, and considering the actual operation interoperability, water transfer quantity in summer irrigation was taken as main control factor. Through classification and combination, the third scheme was recommended, which includes 11 types of water transfer schemes for four irrigation districts. Satisfied results were obtained by applying the scheme during 2005--2007. This scheme provides scientific basis for emergency water transfer on drought combating.