Effects of environmental changes on the vitality of forest stands |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Thomas?R?tzerEmail author Rüdiger?Grote Hans?Pretzsch |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Management, Chair of Forest Yield Science,Technische Universit?t München,Freising,Germany |
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Abstract: | Using the physiological single tree growth model BALANCE, vitality of forest stands was simulated in dependence of the site-related
factors, climate and stand structure. At six level II plots in southern Germany with the main tree species beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), spruce (Picea abies L.] Karst.), and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), simulated results were compared to measured values (soil water content, bud burst and leaf colouring, diameter at breast
height, tree height and crown density) in order to validate the model. Sensitivity tests were done to examine the influence
and the interactions of the environmental parameters. The validation results show that BALANCE is capable of realistically
simulating the growth and vitality of forest stands for central European regions for medium term time spans (several years).
The validation of the water balance module produces mean absolute errors based on field capacity between 2.7 and 6.9% in dependence
of sites and forest stands. Senescence of foliage as well as crown density is reproduced with a correlation coefficient of
0.70 compared to measurements. Differences between measured and simulated diameter values were smaller than 1% for spruce
and smaller than 6.5% for beech after 7 years of simulation, and smaller than 1% for oak after 8 years of simulation. On the
other hand, the simulations for pine trees conform less with the measurements (difference: 22.6% after 8 years). The sensitivity
of the model on environmental changes and on combinations of these parameters could be demonstrated. The responses of the
forest stands were quite different. |
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Keywords: | Tree growth modelling Vitality Crown condition Forest stand Climate change Level II |
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