玉米不同生育阶段养分效应评价方法研究

了解作物养分效应机制是提高作物养分利用效率的重要基础。本文以玉米品种"农华101"为试验材料, 进行不同播期、密度、肥料试验, 记录了生育时期的日均温, 并对玉米不同生育时期叶片及其他器官中氮、磷、钾元素含量进行了测定, 然后基于改进后的BLUP方法, 在考虑植株干物质日均积累量与自身效应、环境效应关系的基础上, 引入群体效应和温度效应, 探讨并建立了玉米不同生育阶段养分效应评价方法。在此基础上, 进一步对养分效应评价效果进行分析。结果表明: 干物质日均积累量理论值与实际值的相关性r值为0.72~0.99; 各生育阶段配对t检验的α值均大于0.05, 各生育阶段的干物质日均积累量的理论值和实测值差异均不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果表明, 用建立的玉米不同生育阶段的养分效应评价方法得到的各养分特征效应值存在较大差异, 其中: 三叶期到拔节期各养分效应值为0~0.58, 拔节期到大口期为 0.43~2.57, 大口期到吐丝期为 0.45~4.58, 吐丝期到成熟期为 0.86~4.71。综上, 利用改进后的BLUP法提出的养分效应评价方法对玉米各阶段养分效应的评价结果具有一定的指导意义, 该方法可作为玉米养分效应评价的参考手段。

Assessing the evaluation methods of nutrient effect at different growth stages of maize

It was imperative to research the mechanisms of nutrient effect at different growth stages so as to enhance plant nutrient assimilation efficiency. In this study, field experiments considering sowing date, density and fertilizer dose were conducted to evaluate this process in "Nonghua 101" maize cultivar. Daily mean temperature was recorded and leaf and other fractions sampled during maize growth period for chemical analysis and N, P and K concentrations. While population effect was introduced into the analysis on the basis of daily dry matter accumulation, thermo temperature effect was introduced in terms of environmental conditions. Then the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) method was used to assess the evaluation methods of nutrient processes and efficiency during maize growth stages. Next, the accuracy of the adopted method was determined from main statistic parameters using the SAS software. Based on the results, the correlation coefficient (r) between expected daily dry matter accumulation and observed data was 0.72~0.99. Paired T-test analysis showed that the trends of the different growth stages were insignificant at P > 0.05. The variance between observed daily mean dry matter accumulation and expected value was also insignificant at P > 0.05. It was then obvious that the main parameters of effects of nutrients at different growth stages varied remarkably. The ranges of nutrient effect values of three leaf to jointing stage, jointing to flare opening stage, flare opening to silking stage, and silking to maturity stage were 0~0.58, 0.43~2.57, 0.45~4.58 and 0.86~4.71, respectively. The modified BLUP method was therefore potentially suitable for evaluating the effects of nutrients at different maize growth stages. The method was therefore recommended for field evaluation of the effects of nutrients on maize production.