河北中部地区苹果,梨主要病虫害危害现状及分析

经过河北省中部地区的２００多个果园进行实际调查和果农问卷调查，了解到目前果园病虫害发生普遍严重，苹果上常发的病虫害的１４种，其中最重要的是轮纹病，腐烂病，碳疽病，叶螨类，干腐病和蚜虫，梨树上常发的病虫害有１５种，其中黑星病，梨木虱，轮纹病，腐烂病和黑心病最为普遍，在１９８５～１９９７年的１３ａ中，苹果轮纹病和斑点落叶病以及梨黑星病和黑心病在１９８６，１９９１，１９９４和１９９５年发生程度严重，金纹

Status and Analysis on the Occurrence of Pests on Apples and Pears in the Central Area of Hebei Province

Pest occurrence in orchard happened severely according to the investigation in field and questionnaire from more than 200 farmers in the central area of Hebei province. There are fourteen kinds of majcr pests on apples. Among them apple ring rot, canker, anthracnose, mites,trunk canker and aphides are the severest. There are fifteen kinds of major pests on Pears. Among them pear scab, pear sucker, ring rot, canker and black rot are the severest. During the recent thirteen years, apple ring rot, leaf spot, pear scab and black rot happened severely in 1986, 1991, 1994 and 1995. Leaf miner of apple were severe during the recent seven years.Pear sucker and mites happened severely in 1989, 1992 and 1997. The trend of pest damage getting worse is becoming more and more clearly. Chemical control of pests is an important measure of orchard protection. Ahaut 13 times of chemical sprays in average, and 20-22 times the most, are used yearly, with the cost of 240 yuan in average, and 750 yuan the most. The average yield loss caused by pests is for 20 %. To understand the current major pest species, thedamage and pest control is beneficial for the improvement of integrated pest management on orchards.