压榨茶叶籽毛油磷酸水化脱胶工艺研究

目的]研究压榨茶叶籽毛油的脱胶工艺。方法]在磷酸脱胶和水化脱胶试验的基础上,采用磷酸、水化复合脱胶工艺对茶叶籽毛油进行脱胶处理,研究脱胶温度、磷酸添加量、水添加量和脱胶时间对脱胶效果的影响。结果]4个因素对脱胶效果的影响程度依次为:温度、85%磷酸添加量、脱胶时间、水添加量。较优工艺条件为:脱胶温度50℃、浓度85%磷酸添加量0.2%、脱胶时间30 min、加水量为油重的4%,此时脱胶油得率为94%。脱胶过程中油脂的质量参数没有发生明显变化。GC-MS分析显示,茶叶籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量达到83%,其中亚油酸含量约25%,是营养丰富的功能性油脂。结论]用磷酸、水化复合脱胶工艺对茶叶籽毛油进行脱胶处理,可得到符合脱胶要求的脱胶油。

Study on Degumming Technology for Crude Oil from Pressed Tea Seed by Phosphoric Acid and Hydration Method

Objective] The study was to research the degumming technology for crude oil from pressed tea seed.Method] On the basis of phosphoric acid degumming and hydration degumming tests,the composite degumming technology with phosphoric acid and hydration was taken to degum crude oil from tea seed,and the effects of degumming temperature,addition amount of phosphoric acid and water and degumming time on degumming effect were studied.Result] The influence of 4 factors on degumming effect in order was temperature,addition amount of 85% phosphoric acid,degumming time and addition amount of water.The optimum technological conditions was degumming temperature of 50 ℃,addition amount of 85% phosphoric acid of 0.2%,degumming time of 30 min and addition amount of water being 4% of oil weight,and then the yield rate of degumming oil was 94%.The quality parameters of oil had no obvious change in degumming process.The analysis of GC-MS showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid in tea seed oil reached 83%,in which the content of linoleic acid was about 25%,showing that the tea seed oil was functional oil with abundant nutrition.Conclusion] Using composite degumming technology with phosphoric acid and hydration to degum the crude oil from tea seed,the degumming oil accorded with degumming requirement could be obtained.