色素辣椒耐低温种质资源的筛选（摘要）

[目的]探索耐低温的辣椒种质资源快速筛选的方法和标准,为耐低温冷害辣椒育种提供理论依据。[方法]以110份色素辣椒种子为材料,采用卷纸快速发芽法对其进行亚适温（18℃）和适温（25℃）发芽势的测定,并对不同遗传类型种子分别从其发芽势、发芽势区间划分方面进行评价。运用马氏距离法,利用适温发芽势、亚适温发芽势、适温芽长、适温芽粗、亚适温芽长、亚适温芽粗和种子大小等性状,对110份辣椒材料进行聚类分析。[结果]发芽势比较表明,在适温和亚适温条件下,羊×羊、羊×甜品种的平均发芽势最高;甜色素椒品种的发芽势最低。羊×羊、羊×甜、甜×甜的平均发芽势在适温和亚适温条件下差异较小。对其进行（亚适温-CK）/CK的分析可知,F_1代的耐低温能力比自交系的强。遗传差异区间比较表明,110份材料在适温条件下,发芽势在大于0.80区间的共有81份材料。而在亚适温条件下,发芽势在大于0.80区间的仅有41份材料,由此可见在适温条件下辣椒种子的发芽势普遍高于亚适温下辣椒种子。不同遗传类型亚适温与适温下发芽势频率比较表明,甜×甜、羊×甜、羊在亚适温和对照条件下的发芽势分布无差异。对110份辣椒材料进行聚类分析,阈值为48时,110份辣椒材料可分为4大类：03号-Ⅲ～08185-1为第1类;08061～08176为第2类;08153～08188为第3类;08190为第4类;遗传类型相同的大多分布在同一类中,第1类为羊×羊,第2类为羊,第3类为甜,第4类在适温下的发芽势高,为0.92;而亚适温条件下的发芽势很低,为0.48,发芽质量（芽长、芽粗、芽色）好。以发芽势为指标,110份辣椒材料共筛选出在亚适温和适温条件下发芽势都高的辣椒种子37份。其中甜椒型有2种,为08148和08149;羊角椒型有17种,分别为：红龙3号,英潮红1,英潮红Ⅱ,08104,08130-2,08140,08130-5,08133,08136-1,08136-2,08139,08142,08142-4,08144,08146,08147和08200;羊×甜有4种,分别为：08033,08040,08064,08073;羊×羊有12种,分别为：03号-Ⅲ,08055,08057,08058,08060,08061,08065,08066,08069,08080,08120和乌拉斯台;甜×甜有2种,为08008和08011。[结论]37份辣椒在低温条件下的发芽势高,具有较强的抗寒性,可以作为辣椒抗寒性的育种材料。

Screening of Low Temperature Resistance Germplasm Resources of Pigment Pepper

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-resistant pepper. [ Method ] With 110 pigment pepper seeds as the materials, their germination vigor under optimum temperature and suboptimal temperature were determined by means of roll rapid germination, and seeds with different genetic types were evaluated from aspects of germination vigor and its interval division. [ Result ] 37 pepper seeds with stronger low temperature resistance were screened. [ Conclusion]This study provides an important basis for screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources.