地衣芽孢杆菌对脂多糖应激仔猪肠道形态、肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响

本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌对脂多糖(LPS)应激仔猪肠道形态、肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响。试验选用35日龄、平均体重为(10.0±0.5)kg的苏山猪90头,随机分成3组(对照组、LPS组和BL+LPS组),每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。其中,对照组和LPS组仔猪均饲喂基础饲粮;BL+LPS组仔猪饲喂添加500 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌的基础饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期21 d,于正试期第21天从每个重复中选2头仔猪腹腔注射LPS(LPS组和BL+LPS组)或等量的灭菌生理盐水(对照组),注射24 h后屠宰取样。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,LPS应激显著降低了仔猪十二指肠二胺氧化酶(DAO)、空肠一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性及空肠一氧化氮(NO)含量(P<0.05),显著提高了血浆中NO含量和NOS活性(P<0.05);显著降低了空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比、回肠绒隐比(P<0.05);显著降低了十二指肠、空肠和回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)、十二指肠和回肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05);显著降低了空肠上皮细胞中淋巴细胞、空肠和回肠上皮细胞中杯状细胞数量(P<0.05);显著降低了血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量,提高了回肠黏膜白细胞介素-6(IL⁃6)和白细胞介素-1β(IL⁃1β)含量(P<0.05)。2)与LPS组相比,饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高了LPS应激仔猪回肠DAO和NOS活性(P<0.05);显著提高了空肠黏膜GSH⁃Px活性显著提高(P<0.05),显著降低了十二指肠黏膜丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);显著提高了血清IgG含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,LPS应激导致仔猪肠黏膜损伤,在饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可提高LPS应激仔猪的肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力,一定程度上促进肠道形态的修复,减缓LPS应激导致的肠道损伤。

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Intestinal Morphology,Intestinal Mucosal Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity of Lipopolysaccharide-Stressed Piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on intestinal morpholo⁃gy,intestinal mucosal antioxidant capacity and intestinal immunity of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)⁃stressed pig⁃lets.The experiment used 90 heads of Sushan pigs of 35 days old and weighing about(10.0±0.5)kg,they were randomly divided into 3 groups(control group,LPS group and BL+LPS group)with 3 repetitions in each group and 10 repetitions each.The pigs in control group and LPS group were fed a basal diet,while the pigs in BL+LPS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis(1.0×10^10 CFU/g).There was a pretrial period of 3⁃day followed by an experimental period of 21⁃day.Two piglets were selected from each group and injected intraperitoneally with 150μg/kg BW LPS(LPS group and BL+LPS group)or an equivalent amount of sterile saline(control group)at day 21 of experimental period.After 24 h of injection,the piglets were slaughtered and sampled.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,LPS stress significantly reduced the activities of diamine oxidase(DAO)in duodenum,ni⁃tric oxide synthetase(NOS)in jejunum and the content of nitric oxide(NO)in jejunum of weaned piglets(P<0.05),significantly increased the NO content and NOS activity in plasma(P<0.05),significantly de⁃creased the villus height(VH)and VH/crypt depth(V/C)of jejunum and the V/C of ileum(P<0.05),sig⁃nificantly decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH⁃Px)in duodenum,jejunum and ileum and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in ileum(P<0.05),and significantly reduce the counts of lymphocytes in jeju⁃nal epithelial cells and goblet cells in jejunal and ileal epithelial cells(P<0.05).In addition,LPS stress signifi⁃cantly decreased serum immunoglobulin(IgG)content and significantly increased interleukin⁃6(IL⁃6)and in⁃terleukin⁃1β(IL⁃1β)contents in ileal mucosa(P<0.05).2)Compared with the LPS group,adding Bacillus licheniformis in the diet significantly increased the activities of DAO and NOS in ileum(P<0.05),improved jejunum VH and V/C(P>0.05),significantly increased the activity of GSH⁃Px in jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly decreased the content of MDA in duodenal mucosa(P<0.05),and significantly increased the content of IgG in serum of LPS⁃stressed piglets(P<0.05).The results indicate that LPS stress causes intestinal mucosal injury in piglets.Adding Bacillus licheniformis in the diet can improve the antioxidant capacity and im⁃munity of intestinal mucosa of LPS⁃stressed piglets,promote the repair of intestinal morphology to a certain ex⁃tent,and alleviate the intestinal damage caused by LPS stress.