“沟栽降温保湿法”定植防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的研究初报

近几年,我国夏季番茄生产中黄化曲叶病毒病为害日趋严重,北方地区由于夏季极端高温天数不断增多,导致夏秋番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发病规模迅速扩大,严重为害夏秋淡季番茄的生产。目前该病害尚无有效的根治措施,只能是预防为主。以夏秋茬大棚番茄为试材,采用对比设计,设沟栽降温保湿法（简称为＂沟栽法＂）定植和平畦定植（CK）2种处理方式,研究了沟栽法定植对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的防控效果。结果表明：当温室大棚内平均最高温度为33～36℃时,利用＂沟栽法＂定植可使沟内番茄根际5～25 cm地温稳定在28℃以下,较平畦栽植平均降低3.1℃;沟内土壤相对湿度60%～80%时,5 cm地温均可降至28℃以下,降温效果明显。同时,随着根际土壤温度的降低,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发生率极显著降低（仅为8.2%）,较平畦栽植降幅达89.62%,差异达极显著水平;病情指数降低了27.36%,差异达显著水平。＂沟栽降温保湿法＂定植能够有效防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的发生。在番茄生产上,采取＂沟栽降温保湿法＂定植可以作为防控番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的关键技术。

Prevention and Control of Field Planting with Ditch,Cooling and Moisture Retention on Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease

In recent years,the tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease in summer was increasingly severe in China.The days of extreme high temperature in summer in northern regions increased,which caused the tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease expanding rapidly and severely damaged the slack season tomato production in summer and autumn.Currently the disease could not effectively controlled,which only be prevented.Using greenhouse tomato in summer and autumn as material,the control effect of field planting with ditch,cooling and moisture retention on tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease was studied.The results showed that when the average maximum temperature in greenhouse was 33-36 ℃,the ground temperature around 5-25 cm of rhizosphere was below 28 ℃ with field planting with ditch,cooling and moisture retention,which decreased by 3.1 ℃ than that with planting in flat bed.When the relative soil moisture was 60%-80%,the 5 cm soil temperature decreased below 28 ℃.With the decreasing of the rhizosphere soil temperature,the incidence of this disease was decreased very significantly,which decreased by 89.62% than that with planting in flat bed.The disease index decreased by 27.36%,and the difference reached significant level.The field planting with ditch,cooling and moisture retention could effectively control the tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease.