番茄无土栽培基质筛选及灌水定额初步研究

以草炭、蛭石、炉渣、棉籽皮（废菇料）和粉碎后的玉米秸秆为原料,按不同材料种类及比例混合制成3种无土栽培复合基质,以温室设施条件下土壤栽培滴灌的灌水总量为参考设计3个梯度的灌水处理方案（每次灌水额度525 m3/hm2、375 m3/hm2和225 m3/hm2）,分析番茄在不同基质和灌水额度处理下的生长指标及产量;并结合番茄产量、基质成本和灌水成本,筛选出水资源利用率高而成本低廉的无土栽培基质,初步确定番茄无土基质栽培的灌水指标。结果表明：相同栽培基质条件下,灌水额度对番茄根重、粗高比、相对叶绿素含量和光合速率影响不大;但是不同基质栽培的番茄,获得最大产量所需的灌水额度不同。基质3（棉籽皮与蛭石按体积比1∶1比例混合的复合基质）每次灌水量为375 m3/hm2,整个生育期灌水总量为6 000 m3/hm2条件下,产量最高（56 770.43 kg/hm2）且成本最低（20 850元/hm2）。

Screening of Soilless Substrates and Determination of Irrigation Quota for Tomato

Using peat,vermiculite,slag,waste mushroom material and grinded corn stalk as the raw materials to mix with different proportions,three kinds of soilless substrates were got.Three irrigation levels（525 m3/hm2,375 m3/hm2 and 225 m3/hm2） were set according to the total amount of drip irrigation under the condition of soil cultivation in greenhouse.The effects of soilless substrate and irrigation quota on the growth and yield of tomato were studied.Combining with the yield of tomato,and the cost of substrate and irrigation,the soilless substrate with high water utilization rate and low cost was screened,and the irrigation quota was determined.The results showed that the irrigation quota had little influence on the root weight,diameter-height ratio,relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in the same substrate.The irrigation quota for the highest yield was different in different substrate.The yield was the highest and the cost was lowest in Substrate 3 when the irrigation was 375 m3/hm2 every time,and the total was 6 000 m3/hm2.