应用小麦×玉米远缘杂交技术进行单倍体育种的探讨

小麦杂交后代F1代（或F2代）与玉米进行远缘杂交,经激素诱导和组织培养形成多元单倍体,利用加倍单倍体育种,结合分子标记和性状表达,达到了单代纯合培育小麦新品系的生产能力,提高了作物育种选择的精确性和效率,提供了1种快速聚合固定各种小麦基因型有益性状的方法。小麦×玉米杂交较孤雄生殖和球茎大麦等技术具有高效、简单、较少的基因型依赖反应和配子克隆变异等特点。阐述了小麦玉米远缘杂交发展进程、技术优势和制约因素,并对小麦玉米远缘杂交进行了展望。

Discussion on Haploid Breeding by Distant Hybridization Technology between Wheat and Maize

The haploid was developed by the distant hybridization between F1 generation（or F2 generation） of wheat and maize through the hormone induction and tissue culture,then it was doubled.Combining with the molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS） and trait expression,the production of complete homozygous wheat line in a single generation was greatly enhanced,and the precision and efficacy of breeding selection were increased,which provided a rapid method of polymerizing and fixing diverse beneficial genetic traits into a common genetic background.Compared with partherogenesis and bulbous barley,the distant hybridization between wheat and maize had the characters of high efficiency,simplicity,less genotype dependent response and less gametoclonal variation.The development process,technological advantages and limiting factors of distant hybridization were introduced,and the prospect of distant hybridization between wheat and maize was forecasted.