中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望

从 194 9年以来 ,中国牧草新品种选育已取得很大成就 ,到 2 0 0 0年底 ,经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草新品种共计 90个。其中包括沙打旺、苦荬菜早熟品种 ,杂花苜蓿、红豆草抗寒品种 ,苜蓿抗霜霉病、柱花草抗炭疽病品种 ,苜蓿耐盐品种、耐牧根蘖型品种 ,白三叶抗旱耐热品种 ,小黑麦、多花黑麦草多倍体品种 ,青贮玉米、青贮高粱杂种一代品种 ,高粱与苏丹草杂交种等新品种。存在问题主要是育成品种数量少 ,不能满足生产多方面的需要 ;育种技术和方法有待进一步提高 ;良种繁育体系不健全 ,新品种扩繁缓慢 ,推广面积较小。展望 2 1世纪 ,我国牧草育种应从高产、优质、抗病虫和抗逆性几方面努力 ,培育出更多更好的新品种。建立和完善牧草种质资源保护体系、牧草育种体系和良种繁育体系 ,以加速我国牧草种子产业的发展

The Review and Prospect of Forage Breeding in China

Great achievement in forage breeding has been made in China from 1949 to 2000, 90 new forage cultivars have been checked, appraised and licenced by the Chinese Herbage Cultivar Registration Board. These include early mature cultivars Astragalus adsurgens and Lactuca indica , cold resistant cultivars Medicago varia and sainfoin, Stylosanthes guianensis resistant to anthracnose , salt tolerant alfalfa cultivars, root turion type cultivars tolerant to pasture, drought resistant and heat tolerant white clover cultivars, triticale, Italian ryegrass polyploid cutivars, hybrids (F1) of silage corn and silage sorghum , hybrids (F1) of sorghum and sudangrass and others. The main problems are: the numbers of varieties developed is so limited that it can not meet the needs of production; the breeding technique and methods need to be improved; the system of seed production could not suit the need; the extension to seed production of new cultivar is slow and the extension area is limited. We should try to develop the cultivars in the 21st with high yield, superior quality, disease and insect resistance and stress tolerance. We should establish and improve the protective system of forage germplasm, the system of forage beeeding and the seed production system in order to speed up the development of forage seed production in China.