外源DNA导入技术在棉种改良中的应用研究

应用授粉后外源DNA 导入技术,将亚洲棉(G.arboreum)常熟黑子的总体DNA 导入陆地棉(G.hirsutum)岱红岱,经连续选择成功地育成了高产优质、吐絮集中、抗逆性强、耐渍涝,兼耐枯萎病的棉花新品种——湘棉12号,并获得一批有价值的品系和种质资源。在进行品种选育的同时,对多种外源DNA 分别导入不同陆地棉品种的后代,进行了田间性状观察及酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶测定,结果发现:(1)经外源DNA 注射的后代,形态特征(包括子叶数目、真叶形状、植株茎叶腺体分布等)出现变异,还出现雄性不育株以及纤维品质优、强力好、产量高的后代;(2)有些后代的酶酶、过氧化物酶同工酶与受体和供体比较,存在一些差异;(3)从多种外源DNA 对不同受体的引变效果看,以用中子照射过的材料,引变率较大,同工酶谱的差异也比较明显.

APPLICATION OF EXOGENOUS DNA INTRODUCING TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF COTTON VARIETIES

A new cotton variety,Xiangmian12,which is of high yield,high quality,shorterboll opening time and is resistant to flood and Fusarium wilt,has been bred with the exoge-neous DNA introducing technique,and a series of valuable varieties and varietal resourceshave been obtained.During the experiment different exogeneous DNA were introduced intodifferent varieties of upland cotton and field observations and esterase and peroxidase zymo-gram examination were carried out.The results show that 1)the progeny with exogeneousDNA had morphological variations in cotyledon number,leaf form,gossypol glands of stemand leaf,etc.Male sterile plants and fibre changes for better quality and strength in theprogeny were also observed;2)diferences were found between the esterase and peroxidase zy-mogras of the progeny and the donor and receptor;3)the biggest mutational effect and zymo-gram difference were found in the treatment with neutron-exposure.