多次涝渍胁迫间歇作用对棉花产量的影响

在多雨湿润地区,夏秋作物在生长季节多次遭遇涝渍综合胁迫比较常见,研究这一问题对农业涝渍灾害评价和减灾有重要意义。采用测坑试验研究了棉花遭遇多次涝渍胁迫问题,分析表明,从蕾期—吐絮初期,棉花遭遇间歇性、多次涝渍综合胁迫显著影响产量,其中以7月中旬至8月中下旬的胁迫影响最大;作物相对产量与各阶段受涝时间之间有极显著的相关关系;7月中下旬大气温度与湿度对产量的影响大于其他时段,该阶段气温日较差和大气相对湿度与产量之间的关系比较密切;在棉花主要生长阶段天气无剧烈变化时,涝、渍对作物的影响居于首位;当5 d内温度变幅>9℃或空气饱和差>8 hPa的天气过程频繁发生时,涝、渍对作物的影响居于次要位置。

Influence of Intermittent Waterlogged Stresses on Cotton Output

In rainy and humidity region,crop across summer and autumn season usually suffer from multiple waterlogged stress in their development phase,the problem to be studied is significant for appraisal of agricultural disaster caused by surface and subsurface waterlogging.The problem of cotton suffering from multiple waterlogged stress was studied by test-plot experiments,analysis showed that: ①cotton output was affected markedly when cotton suffered from intermittent multiple waterlogged stresses in duration from bud producing to initial boll opening,in which the maximum stress affecting upon cotton output occurred in the second ten days of July to the second and the third ten days of August;② there is a great significant correlation between the relative output of the crop and the time(day) of field surface pounding water in each experimental stage;③in the second and the third ten days of July,influence of air temperature and humidity upon the yield was greater than that in the other stage,the relative air humidity and the difference between the maximum and the minimum daily temperature have a relatively close relationship with the relative yield;④ influence of surface and subsurface waterlogging on crop yield takes the first position when no violent variation of weather happened in major stage for crop development,however,this case may not occur when temperature variation more than 9 ℃ or air saturation difference variation more than 8 hPa within 5 days happened frequently in those stages.