风沙区煤炭开采对土壤物理性质和结皮的影响

[目的]为了准确了解煤炭开采对脆弱生态环境造成的影响。[方法]通过样地调查和室内分析,对毛乌素风沙区超大工作面煤炭开采当年和3a后的土壤物理性质和结皮情况进行分析。[结果]开切点土壤物理性质受到采矿的影响强于开采面,开采面土壤的修复能力优于开切点,且采煤对土壤物理性质的影响3a后仍未消除;各采样点的土壤温度不仅与对照存在差异性(p0.05),而且各土壤温度在空间和时间跨度上也存在差异性(p0.05);20cm处的土壤容重、孔隙度和含水率与土壤温度均存在负相关,含水率与土壤温度存在显著负相关(p0.05);结皮的厚度和覆盖度受到采煤的影响,结皮含水率和结皮持水能力在3a内均未恢复到采煤前。[结论]风沙区超大工作面采煤对土壤物理性质和结皮会造成破坏,且在无人为干扰的情况下土壤将进行自我修复,但3a的修复效果与对照组仍存在一定差异。

Effect of Coal Mining on Soil Physical Properties and Soil Crust in Windy Desert Area

[Objective] To accurately understand the effects of coal mining on vulnerable ecological environment.[Methods] Soil physical properties and soil crust in current and three years later after ultra wide fully-mechanized coal mining in Mu Us desert were analyzed with sample plot survey and indoor element content analysis.[Results] The soil physical properties in fracture zone affected by coal mining were stronger than mined-out area, but the soil repairing ability in mined-out area was better than fracture zone, and coal mining effects on soil physical properties still exist after three years later. The soil temperatures of each sampling point not only have differences with the control group, but also have differences in spatial and temporal span. Soil bulk density, porosity and moisture content in twenty centimeters were negatively correlated with soil temperatures, and the soil moisture content had a significant correlation with soil temperature. Thickness and coverage of soil crust were affected by coal mining, and soil crust moisture content and water holding ability didn't return to the level before coal mining within three years.[Conclusion] The coal mining with ultra wide fully-mechanized cause damage on soil physical properties and soil crust, and the soil will be self-restored in the absence of human disturbance, but there is a certain difference between the effect of three years restoration and control.