东北地区畜牧结构历史变迁研究

东北地区畜牧业的发展,大致经历了四个阶段：原始畜牧业阶段（石器时代）,猪、狗、马、牛的驯化递次发生;游牧畜牧业阶段（青铜时代——铁器时代）,东北草原地区的主要牧畜是马、牛、羊;定牧畜牧业阶段（铁器时代）,羊的饲养跃居首位,牛、马饲养退居其次;定居家畜业阶段（机器时代）,畜种布局渐呈区域化、多元化态势。影响东北地区畜牧结构的因素有：环境变迁和生态适应,畜牧政策和饲养技术,文化习俗和饮食习惯,经济交流和市场影响。

Researchon the Historical Changes of Animal Husbandry Structure in Northeast China

The development of animal husbandry in Northeast region has generally thought as four stages:primitive animal husbandry(Stone Age),pig,dog,horse and cattle’s domestication happened in turn;nomadic animal husbandry(Bronze Age——Iron Age),main livestock breeding including horse,cattle and sheep happened in the Grassland of Northeast region;animal husbandry(Iron Age),sheep ranking top,cattle and horse breeding second;sedentary animal husbandry(Machine Times),the breeding layout gradually showing regional and diversifying situation.The influential factors to the animal husbandry structure in Northeast region are: environmental change and ecological adaptation,animal husbandry policy and feeding technology,cultural and eating habits,economic exchange and market influence.