JMPR 农药残留急性膳食摄入量计算方法

农药残留急性膳食风险评估直到最近才引起大家的关注。目前，粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药残留联席会议（JMPR）研究国际范围农药急性膳食风险评估；美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰也开始进行国家农药急性膳食风险评估。农药急性膳食风险是急性或短期接触毒性与农药急性膳食摄入量的函数。急性膳食接触量评估常用的方法有：定点或确定性方法和概率模型法。在确定性方法中选取食物的大部分人群消耗量和高残留量来计算膳食摄入量，为了解决混合样品中食品个体之间的残留差异，在计算中引入了变异因子。JMPR根据具体情况分为情形1、情形2a、情形2b、情形3来计算农药急性膳食摄入量。中国应该尽快建立健全膳食结构和农产品性状数据库，建立健全市场中农产品的农药残留数据库，并在高毒和中等毒性农药登记前应采用JMPR的确定性方法，进行急性膳食风险评估，提高农药膳食摄入的安全性。

JMPR Pesticide Residue Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment Method

Pesticide residue acute dietary risk assessment has attracted attention only recently. So far, JMPR is working on international acute dietary risk assessment while USA, UK, Netherlands, Australia and New Zealand are working on their national acute dietary risk assessments. Acute dietary risk is a function of acute or short-term toxicity and acute dietary intake. Acute dietary exposure can be calculated by a point or deterministic method as well as by a probabilistic modeling method. In the deterministic method the intake is estimated with the assumption of large portion consumption of a 'high residue' food. In addition, the method also includes a variability factor to allow for the elevated residue in some single units which may not be seen in composite samples. According to the different situation, JMPR defines as case 1, case 2a, case2b and case 3 to use related formula respectively to calculate the acute dietary exposure. China should conduct acute dietary risk assessment, China should adopt the JMPR deterministic method of acute dietary risk assessment before the high or moderately toxic pesticides are registered for use. This would involve the establishment of comprehensive food consumption database, food commodity properties database, and market residue monitoring database.