家庭社会经济地位对班级同伴地位的影响:心理素质的中介作用

基于家庭投资理论探讨了整体心理素质及其各维度在中学生家庭客观社会经济地位(Socioeconomic Status,SES)与其班级同伴地位间的关系.研究以1 801名初一到高三的中学生为被试,采用心理素质问卷对其心理素质进行测量,同时对其家庭SES和班级同伴地位进行评估和考察.结果表明:(1)家庭SES与班级同伴地位(r=0.10,p0.01)、心理素质(r=0.15,p0.01)均呈显著正相关;心理素质与班级同伴地位呈显著正相关(r=0.20,p0.01).(2)整体心理素质在家庭SES与班级同伴地位之间起显著部分中介作用,中介效应值为0.03(95%CI:[0.02,0.04]).(3)对心理素质的3个维度进行多重中介效应分析后发现,3个维度中只有适应能力在家庭SES影响班级同伴地位的过程中起显著的中介作用,中介效应值为0.04(95%CI:[0.03,0.06]),即良好的家庭SES主要是通过对中学生适应能力的积极影响,进而促使其容易获得较高的班级同伴地位.该发现在一定程度上深化了对家庭投资理论的研究,同时加深了研究者们对心理素质作用与功能的认识.

The Influence of Family Socioeconomic Status on Class Peer Status: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Suzhi

Based on the family investment model, a study was made to test if psychological suzhi and its dimensions mediate between the family socioeconomic status (SES) of middle school students and their class peer status. The participants, 1801 students from the first grade of junior middle school to the third grade of senior middle school, were asked to complete the questionnaires which measured their psychological suzhi as well as SES and peer status. Significant positive correlations were found to exist between SES and peer status (r= 0.10, p < 0.01), SES and psychological suzhi (r=0.15, p < 0.01), and psychological suzhi and peer status (r=0.20, p < 0.01). The psychological suzhi was found like a mediator between SES and peer status, its mediating effect being 0.03 (95% CI: [0.02, 0.04]). An analysis of multiple intermediary effects on the three dimensions of psychological suzhi showed that only the adaptability dimension played a significant mediating role in the process of SES influence on peer status, the mediating effect being 0.04 (95% CI: [0.03, 0.06]), that is to say, good family SES promotes higher peer status, mainly through its positive impact on the adaptability of adolescents. This finding has deepened, to a certain extent, the study of family investment model and improved the researchers'' understanding of the role and function of psychological suzhi.