基于土地整治的山地丘陵区耕地质量潜力测算

准确地识别土地整治改良因素和科学地测算耕地质量潜力对耕地质量建设具有重要意义.本研究基于我国现有的耕地质量评价体系,分析土地整治工程措施对山地丘陵区耕地质量的影响,提出了一套服务于山地丘陵区土地整治的耕地质量提升潜力测算方法;并通过准确识别土地整治改良因素,确定提升方案,测算了重庆市綦江区耕地质量提升潜力.结果显示:1)研究区现状国家利用等指数区间为648.02~1 659.33,整治后国家利用等指数区间为761.81~1 783.04,耕地质量平均可提高0.79个利用等;2)得到的现状耕地利用等指数与折算为基准作物的实际产量的相关性(R~2=0.895 0)大于农用地分等成果(R~2=0.797 4);3)高潜力分等单元主要分布在地势较为平坦、水源较为充足的丘陵地带,整治重点是提高农民生产生活条件;低潜力分等单元主要分布在陡坡中山地带和有石灰岩分布的喀斯特丘陵区,整治重点为防止水土流失与保护生态环境.本研究提供的潜力测算方法适应了差别化土地整治需求,保证了测算结果的真实性和潜力实现的可行性,可为山地丘陵区土地整治耕地质量潜力测算提供参考.不同的地质地貌类型,耕地质量提升的核心因子有所差异,土地整治的工程措施应有侧重点.

A Method for Estimating Quality-Improvement Potential of Cultivated Land in Land Consolidation Projects in Hilly Areas

Accurate identification of improvement factors for cultivated land and scientific estimation of the potential of cultivated land quality in land consolidation projects are of great significance for cultivated land quality construction. In a study reported in this paper, the effect of engineering measures of land consolidation in hilly areas on cultivated land quality was analyzed based on the existing evaluation system of cultivated land quality in China, and a calculating method of improved cultivated land quality was put forward. In addition, this study determined the scheme for improving cultivated land quality and calculated the quality improvement potential of cultivated land in Qijiang district of Chongqing by accurately identifying the improvement factors of land consolidation. The results showed that the index interval of national utilization was between 648.02 and 1 659.33 before land consolidation and between 761.81 and 1 783.04 after land consolidation and that the quality of cultivated land was improved by 0.79 on average. The correlation between the cultivated land use index and actual yield of the converted base crops (R²=0.895 0) was greater than that among agricultural land classification (R²=0.797 4). High potential units were mainly distributed in hilly areas with a low-relief surface and abundant water sources. And the focus of land consolidation in high potential units was to improve the living and production conditions of the peasants. Low potential units were mainly distributed in mountainous areas with a steep slope and in the karst landform areas with limestone soil. In these areas, the focus of land consolidation should be placed on soil erosion prevention and ecological environment protection. In conclusion, the calculation method proposed in this study is adaptable to the demand of differentiated land consolidation and guaranteed the authenticity of results and feasibility of the quality improvement potential. This study provides a reference for the calculation of cultivated land potential quality in hilly areas. With different landform types, the core factors of quality improvement of cultivated land are different and, hence, engineering measures of land consolidation should be selected according to the specific conditions.