重庆市贫困村空间分布格局特征分析

农村贫困问题是实施乡村振兴战略的巨大障碍,同时也是实现全面小康的主要难题.按照国家精准扶贫的战略要求,基于重庆市1 919个市级贫困村数据,综合运用平均最近邻指数、核密度估算、空间自相关等方法,对重庆市贫困村数量规模、空间分布类型、空间关联格局、空间密度、垂直分布等特征进行了探讨.研究表明:(1)重庆市贫困村比率为22.89%,贫困村面积占全市土地总面积的26.02%,贫困村数量占比、面积占比从大到小依次为国家级贫困区县、市级贫困区县、非贫困区县,贫困村多向库区、少数民族地区、集中连片特困地区集聚;(2)重庆市贫困村整体呈均匀分布的空间分布特征,全局空间上表现出显著的空间正相关性,空间分布热点区呈现"大分散,小集中"的空间格局,具体表现为一个核心热点区,多个条、环带状热点区;(3)贫困村高程分布呈中间大两端小的"橄榄状"结构,低高程带、高高程带贫困村分布相对较少,中高程带贫困村分布较多.分布在500m以上山地地区的贫困村达78.8%,重庆市贫困村空间分布的垂直差异性具有典型的山地型贫困特征.

Analysis of Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Poor Villages in Chongqing

Rural poverty is not only a great obstacle to the national strategy of rural revitalization, but also a hard nut to crack in the efforts to build a well-off society in an all-round way. According to the strategic requirements of national precision poverty alleviation and based on the data of 1919 poor villages in Chongqing, the authors use the methods of average nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation in combination to investigate the quantity, spatial distribution pattern, spatial association pattern, space density and vertical distribution characteristics of poverty-stricken villages of the municipality. The research shows that poverty-stricken villages in Chongqing account for 22.89% of the total, and the area of poverty-stricken villages accounts for 26.02% of the total land area. The proportion of the quantity and the proportion of area of poverty-stricken villages represent the characteristics of state-level poverty-stricken counties > city-level poverty-stricken counties > non-poverty-stricken counties. The poverty-stricken villages tend to aggregate in the reservoir area, ethnic minority areas and concentrated contiguous destitute areas. The poverty-stricken villages in Chongqing in overall exhibit an evenly distributed spatial distribution pattern, showing a significant spatial positive correlation in the global space, and showing a spatial pattern of "general dispersion and local concentration" on spatially distributed hotspots, which is embodied as a core hotspot district, multiple strips and ring-shaped hotspots. The elevation distribution of poverty-stricken villages is an "olive-shaped structure" with a big middle and two small ends. There are relatively fewer distributions of poverty-stricken villages in low-high elevation areas and high-high elevation areas. And there are relatively more distributions of poverty-stricken villages in the middle-high elevation areas. The number of poverty-stricken villages in mountainous regions which are over 500 m is 78.8%. The vertical differences in spatial distribution of poverty-stricken villages in Chongqing show typical mountain-level poverty characteristics.