苹果中有机氯农药残留的超声波去除条件优化

中国是世界苹果第一生产大国，但中国苹果出口仅占世界贸易量的不足10%，其主要制约因素是安全性，其中农药残留是主要原因之一。论文采用响应曲面法对超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的工艺条件（功率、时间、温度）及其交互作用进行了优化，并就超声波处理对苹果主要品质指标的影响进行了分析。结果表明：超声波去除苹果中有机氯农药残留的适宜工艺参数为：超声波功率为609.16 W，时间为70.46 min，温度为15.45℃，去除率可达到64.32%；超声波处理对苹果的硬度没有显著性影响；对苹果的总糖、总酸具有一定的显著性影响，但没有超出国家标准及主要出口国苹果标准的要求。超声波处理简单快速，能有效去除苹果中有机氯农药的残留，极大提高苹果的安全性，很容易和现有鲜果清洗、分级、打蜡生产线耦合链接，其产业化应用前景极为广阔。

Optimization of conditions for organochlorine pesticide residues removal in apples using ultrasonic

China is the largest country in apple-producing in the world,but its apple export just accounts for less than 10%of world trade market.One of the main constraints is the pesticide residues in apples.The ultrasonic removal of organochlorine pesticide residues in apples was studied,and the response surface method was applied to analyze the influence of ultrasonic power,degradation time and degradation temperature on the removal rate.The influence of main quality indexes in apples caused by ultrasonic wave was also studied.The results indicated that:(1)The optimum removal conditions of organochlorine pesticide residues in apples were as follows:the ultrasonic power 609.1 6 W,the removal time 70.46 min,the removal temperature 15.45℃,and under this condition,the removal rate oforganochlorine pesticide residues in theory could reached to 64.32%;(2)The rigidity of apples was not significant between the 17 groups of sonication samples and CK;whereas,the total sugar,total acid had a significant impact,but did not exceed national standards and apple quality standards of major exporter.Ultrasonic is an easy and quick handling technology,and can remove organochlorine pesticide residues effectively,enhance the safety of apple greatly.It is easy and available to couple with the cleaning,grading and waxing of fresh apple at present,and its industrialization has very broad prospects.