密度调控方式对马铃薯块茎大小调控功能初探

2014年和2015年分别以尤金和克新13号脱毒原种为供试材料,采用随机区组设计,分别设置6万穴/hm~2、9万穴/hm~2、12万穴/hm~2播种穴数和1、3个主茎/穴(2014年)以及6万穴/hm~2、8万穴/hm~2、10万穴/hm~2播种穴数和1、2个主茎/穴(2015年)等处理,研究密度调控方式对马铃薯块茎大小分布及产量的影响。两年试验结果表明:增加播种穴数或单穴主茎数都将增加30~150 g的块茎产量,降低150 g以上的块茎产量。早熟品种尤金的种薯生产采用12万穴/hm~2、3主茎/穴的播种方式,并于苗后60 d左右收获,可获得较高150 g以下块茎产量;商品薯生产采用6万穴/hm~2、3主茎/穴的播种方式可获得较高商品薯产量。中晚熟品种克新13号的种薯生产采用8万穴/hm~2、2主茎/穴的播种方式,苗后80 d左右收获,可获得较高150 g以下块茎产量;商品薯生产采用6万穴/hm~2、2主茎/穴的播种方式可获得较高商品薯产量。

Preliminary Study of Effect of Density Control Method on Potato Tuber Size

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of density control method on the potato tuber size distribution. The planting density of 60000, 90000 and 120000 holes/hm2 with 1 or 3 stems per hole were conducted with the variety of Youjin in 2014, and the planting density of 60000, 80000 and 100000 holes/hm2with 1 or 2 stems per hole were conducted with the variety of Kexin 13 in 2015 respectively. The yield of tubers of the grade 30–150 g increased by increasing the planting density or increasing stems, while the yield of tubers of the grade over 150 g decreased. To early maturing variety of Youjin, the planting density of 120000 holes/hm2 with 3 stems per hole and harvest at 60 d after emergence was suitable for seed potatoes production, while 60000 holes/hm2 with 3 stems per hole suitable for marketable tuber production. To late-maturing variety of Kexin 13, the planting density of 80000 holes/hm2 with 2 stems per hole and harvest at 80 d was suitable for seed potatoes production and 60000 holds/hm2 with 2 stems per hole suitable for marketable tuber production.