The effect of outdoor production on the seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in growing-finishing pigs in a large pig production unit infected with endemic porcine proliferative enteropathy

The study was performed in a large Croatian production unit from May 2000 till June 2002. Blood samples form late-pregnant gilts were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) serum assay for Lawsonia intracellularis. The offspring of 301 positively tested gilts were dislocated after the nursery phase either to indoor or outdoor growing-finishing facilities. Ten percent of these animals (142 indoor, 143 outdoor raised pigs) were tested at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 weeks of age for seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis. All offspring of IFA positive gilts were seronegative at 2 and 6 weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age 71.1% (101 animals) of indoor and 32.8% (47 animals) of outdoor pigs were tested positive (P < 0.05). While at 14 weeks of age 71.1% of indoor raised pigs showed seropositivity, the seropositivity declined in outdoor units to 7.6% (P < 0.01). At weeks 18 (52.1%), 22 (47.8%) and 26 (21.7%) indoor raised pigs still showed marked seropositivity and but their outdoor raised counterparts returned to seronegativity.