二棱大麦籽粒外观品质性状的遗传研究

用甘木二条等７个二棱大麦品种（ＨｏｒｄｅｕｍｄｉｓｔｉｃｈｕｍＬ．）进行半双列杂交，采用胚乳数量性状世代平均数的遗传模型对１９９０年１９９２年的亲本和Ｆ＿１所结的种子的粒形、粒重、皮壳率等性状进行遗传分析，研究表明，与Ｓ－０９６杂交的组合粒重最高，与甘木二条杂交的组合皮壳率低，与黔浙１号杂交的组合粒重较高、粒形较短园。遗传方差分量的分析结果，粒形、粒重和皮壳率性状主要受基因主效应控制，基因×环境互作效应较弱，控制种子粒长的遗传效应主要是母体加性、显性效应以及种子直接加性效应。粒宽、粒厚、粒重和皮壳率则主要受种子基因的直接显性效应控制，其次是种子直接加性效应。文中还分析了粒形性状与粒重和皮壳率的普通直接遗传率和普通母体遗传率及遗传相关性。

Genetic analysis of some kernel characters in two-rowed barley.

Half-dialled crosses with seven parents of two-rowed barley(Hordeum distichum L.)were conducted in 1990 and 1992 for analyzing seed kernel shape,grain weight and husk percent,by a genetic model based on generation means of endosperm quantitative characters for parents and their F_2 seeds. Kernel weight of crosses form S-096 was high, and kernel husk percent of crosses from Ganmu-er-tiao was low.Crosses of Qian-zhe-1 had higher grain weight and better kernel shape than others. According to the results of genetic variance components kernel shape,grain weight and husk percent were predominantly controlled by genetic effects with weak genotype by environment interaction. Maternal additive and dominance effects and direct additive effects were the majou parts of genetic effects for kernel length.Kernel width,thickness,grain weight and husk percent were controlled mainly by direct dominance effects and then followed by direct addi-tive effects.General direct and maternal heritabilities as well as genetie correlations for kernel shape,grain weight and husk percent were analyzed too.