野胡萝卜果实精油对蚊幼虫的毒杀活性

采用浸液法研究了野胡萝卜Daucus carota果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culexpipiens quinquefasciatus幼虫的毒杀活性;利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对精油的主要成分进行了定性、定量分析。结果发现,野胡萝卜果实精油毒杀白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊4龄幼虫的24h LC50值分别为67.87μg.mL-1和34.12μg.mL-1;精油中共含有34种化合物,相对含量最高的是α-蒎烯（54.72%）,其次为β-红没药烯（11.35%）和β-细辛脑（10.14%）;对6种活性化合物进行定量分析,含量最高的是α-蒎烯（577.46mg.mL-1）,其次是月桂烯（80.26mg.mL-1）、柠檬烯（28.95mg.mL-1）、β-石竹烯（24.38mg.mL-1）、β-蒎烯（11.59mg.mL-1）和γ-萜品烯（2.33mg.mL-1）。研究结果表明,野胡萝卜果实精油对蚊幼虫的毒杀效果强于以往文献报道的多种植物精油,是开发高效环保蚊虫杀幼剂的好材料。

Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil from the Fruits of Daucus carota against Mosquitoes

Insecticidal activity of essential oil extracted from fruits of Daucus carota against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was investigated by immersion method and the main compounds of the essential oil were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.LC50 values of the essential oil against the 4th instar larvae of A.albopictus and C.pipiens quinquefasciatus at 24 h were 67.87 μg·mL-1 and 34.12 μg·mL-1,respectively.Thirty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil,including the main component α-Pinene（54.72%）,followed by β-bisabolene（11.35%） and β-asarone（10.14%）.Six active compounds were quantitatively determined,including α-pinene（up to 577.46 mg·mL-1 in the oil）,myrcene（80.26 mg·mL-1）,limonene（28.95 mg·mL-1）,β-caryophyllene（24.38 mg·mL-1）,β-pinene（11.59 mg·mL-1） and γ-terpinen（2.33 mg·mL-1）.The results indicated that the essential oil showed higher larvicidal activity against mosquitoes than many other plant essential oils which have been documented.It might be considered as a potential source for production of efficient and environment-friendly mosquito larvicide.