黑龙江省黑土区气候-土壤生产潜力分析

采用机制法、层次分析法通过对光、温、水、土逐级衰减，计算黑龙江省黑土区各县玉米、水稻、大豆的气候生产潜力与气候-土壤生产潜力，分级统计分析空间分布及其变化特点。结果表明：黑土区玉米、水稻、大豆的气候生产潜力分别为6939～14241kg／hm^2，10720～18079kg／hm^2，1947～3989kg／hm^2；气候-土壤生产潜力分别为3513～12346kg／hm^2，4465～15505kg／hm^2，1032～3553kg／hm^2。空间分布与温度和降水一致，由南向北逐渐递减。在过去45a中，气候生产潜力呈逐渐上升趋势。由两次土壤调查结果比较可知，2005年黑土区各县土壤肥力有的升高，有的降低，但总体呈下降趋势，气候-土壤生产潜力也随之变化，总体有所下降。因此，土壤肥力对气候-土壤生产潜力起着重要的作用；并且在气候资源相对较差的地区，土壤肥力对其气候-土壤生产潜力的影响大于气候资源较好的地区。

Analysis of Climate-soil Potential Productivity in Black Soil Region of Heilongjiang Province

The climate-soil potential productivities for maize, rice and soybean in Heilongjiang Province were calculat- ed, by using the mechanism methodology and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）models. The climate potential productivity and climate-soil potential productivity of were computed according to the factors, such as radiation, temperature, precipitation, and soil in each county. The characteristics of numerical distribution and spatial distribution of two kinds of potential productivity in black soil region were analyzed through classification statistics and classification mapping. The results showed that the climate potential productivity for maize, rice and soybean was 6939 - 14241kg/ha, 10720- 18079kg/ha and 1947 -3989kg/ha respectively. The climate-soil potential productivity for maize, rice and soybean was 3513 - 12346kg/ha,4465 - 15505kg/ha and 1032 - 3553kg/ha respectively. The spatial distribution of the productivities was similar to temperature and precipitation with the trend decreased from south to north. Compared with the results from twice soil surveys, the soil fertility was on descending trend. So climate-soil potential productivity also decreased. The soil fertility was important for the climate-soil potential productivity, especially in the poor soil fertility regions, where the soil fertility had greater influences on climate-soil potential productivity.