小麦免耕播种机性能指标体系的建立与灰色评估

探索科学合理的小麦免耕播种机性能指标评价方法，对保护性耕作技术的推广应用有重要意义。该文以2BMF-9型小麦免耕播种机为研究对象，以农艺和生产要求为基础，通过试验、专家咨询与层次分析法，对小麦免耕播种机评价指标体系构建、指标测定方法与权重进行研究；通过双因素试验设计了秸秆状态不同的8种试验处理，测出各地表处理的性能指标值与反映播种质量的出苗率和冬前分蘖数；采用灰色评估模型，给出各指标高、中、低级别的参考值。结果表明：该机播深合格率、种肥间距合格率性能较好，播种均匀性一般，通过性和覆土性能较差；改善免耕播种机的性能，要以提高播种均匀性、通过性和覆土性能为目的，从机具结构设计和作业地表处理方面着手。

Construction and gray evaluation of the performance index system of wheat no-tillage planter

It is significant to investigate more scientific and reasonable wheat no-tillage planter evaluation methods for generalization and application of conservation tillage. The purpose of this paper was to study performance evaluation index system for wheat no-tillage planter. The 2BMF-9 wheat no-tillage planter was taken as an object on the basis of agriculture demand. The meaning and mensuration of every index was expounded, and their weights were determined by methods of expert consulting and AHP. Through dual-factor experiment, eight treatments in different soil-surface conditions were designed. Indices in eight treatments and corresponding emergence seeding ratio and tiller number were measured. Then the classified reference values of indices were educed by analyzing data using gray clustering. The results indicate that the deep eligibility and seed-fertilizer space eligibility are relatively good, seeding uniformity is common, and passing ability and soil-covering ability are below average. Moreover, in order to improve the performance of no-tillage planter, measures should be taken to optimize planter structure and soil-surface treatments for advancing the passing ability and soil-covering ability.