基于形态学性状和SSR标记的花生品种遗传多样性分析和特异性鉴定

以101份南方花生区试品种为材料,利用形态学性状和SSR标记进行品种遗传多样性分析和特异性鉴定。结果表明, 29个形态学性状中有7个无多样性,其余22个的多样性指数为0.23～0.77,平均为0.43。在相似系数为0.76处,将供试品种划分为七大类群,同一育种单位的品种倾向于聚在一起。用40个SSR标记共检测出167个等位基因,单个标记检测的等位基因数2～6个,平均为4.18个。标记的多态性信息量(PIC)差异较大,最大为0.79,最小为0.26,平均为0.55。在相似系数为0.70处,供试品种可被划分为六大类群,同一省份育成的品种多聚为一类。Mantel检验发现品种间的形态学性状和SSR标记的相似系数矩阵相关性弱(r=0.36),SSR标记无法取代形态学性状单独用于花生品种特异性鉴定,但两者相结合能有效提高花生品种特异性鉴定的准确性。

Genetic diversity analysis and distinctness identification of peanut cultivars based on morphological traits and SSR markers

The genetic diversity and distinctness of 101 peanut varieties participated in the South China peanut field trial were analyzed based on their morphological traits and SSR markers. Among 29 morphological traits seven were no difference while 22 demonstrated diversity indexes ranging from 0.23 to 0.77, with an average of 0.43. The varieties were divided into seven groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.76, and those released by the same breeding institution tended to converge into one cluster. Molecular characterization with 40 highly informative SSRs generated a total of 167 alleles ranging from 2 to 6 (averaged 4.18) alleles per marker. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these markers varied from 0.79 to 0.26 with an average of 0.55/marker. The varieties were divided into six groups based on the similarity coefficient of 0.70, and those released by the same province tended to converge into one cluster. Mantel testing revealed that the correlations of the similarity coefficient matrixes between the morphological traits and SSR markers were weak (r = 0.36), implying that SSR markers are unable to replace morphological traits to be solely adopted to identify the distinctness of peanut varieties, but the combination of morphological traits and SSR markers will effectively increase the accuracy of distinctiveness identification.