乙烯的生物合成与信号及其对种子萌发和休眠的调控

种子萌发是一种关键的生态和农业性状,由调控种子休眠状态和萌发潜势的内在和外部信息所决定,在植物随后的生长发育和产量中起着极其重要的作用。休眠是指种子在合适的条件下暂时不能萌发。乙烯是一种简单的具有多种功能的气体植物激素,在分子、细胞和整体植物水平调节植物的代谢。在适宜和逆境条件下,乙烯通过与其他信号分子的相互作用影响植物的行为。本文主要综述乙烯的生物合成与信号、乙烯在种子萌发和休眠释放中的作用以及乙烯与植物激素脱落酸和赤霉素的相互作用;并提出了需要进一步研究的科学问题,试图为解释乙烯调控种子萌发与休眠的分子机制提供新的研究思想。

Biosynthesis and signaling of ethylene and their regulation on seed germination and dormancy

Seed germination, a key ecological and agronomic trait, is determined by both internal and external cues that regulate the dormancy status and the potential for germination in seeds, and plays a critical role during the subsequent growth, development and production of plants. Dormancy is the temporary failure of seed germination under favorable conditions. Ethylene is a simple gaseous phytohormone with multiple roles in regulation of metabolism at molecular, cellular, and whole plant levels. It influences performance of plants under optimal and stressful environments by interacting with other signaling molecules. In the present paper, we mainly summarize ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, the role of ethylene in seed germination and dormancy release, and the interaction of ethylene with phytohormone abscisic acid and gibberellin, and propose some scientific problems to be required to investigate further in order to provide an idea for explaining the molecular mechanism of seed germination and dormancy regulated by ethylene.