沟垄覆膜对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响

以当地主栽品种“新大坪”为试验材料,采用大田定位试验,研究了平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜垄播(T2)、全膜沟播(T3)、半膜垄播(T4)、半膜沟播(T5) 6 种栽培模式对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响。结果表明,沟垄覆膜栽培可不同程度提高马铃薯连作田土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性,其中 T2 对 3 种酶活性的提高效果最为显著;沟垄覆膜可降低土壤 pH,从而改善马铃薯根际土壤的理化性状,且以 T2 对土壤化学性质的改善最为明显,沟垄覆膜可不同程度提高土壤电导率;此外,沟垄覆膜栽培还可以显著提高马铃薯块茎的产量,其中T2 增产幅度最高可达 75%。本研究以期为半干旱地区马铃薯连作障碍的克服及提高马铃薯产量提供理论依据。

Effects of ridge-furrow mulching on soil enzyme activity,physicochemical properties and yield in continuous cropping potato field

A local variety “Xindaping” was planted in the yield for three-year continuous cropping under six planting patterns, including flat plot without mulching (CK), flat plot with mulching (T1), planting on-ridge with full mulching (T2), planting on-furrow with full mulching (T3), planting on-ridge with half mulching (T4) and planting on-furrow with half mulching (T5). The catalase activity, urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were improved under T2, and ridge-furrow plastic-mulching planting pattern reduced soil pH. Especially, T2 has the most obvious effect on the improvement of physicochemical properties of potato rhizosphere soil, and the conductivity was raised by ridge-furrow mulching cultivation pattern. Compared with CK, ridge-furrow plastic-mulching planting pattern significantly increased potato yield, which was up to 75% in T2. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming potato continuous cropping obstacles and increasing potato yield in semi-arid areas.