施钾时期和施钾量对不同淀粉含量玉米籽粒品质的影响

选用高淀粉品种先行5号和低淀粉品种豫玉22为试材,研究了钾肥的不同施用时期和施用量对不同淀粉含量玉米籽粒品质的影响。结果表明:不同施钾时期和施钾量对高淀粉玉米品种先行5号和低淀粉玉米品种豫玉22的游离氨基酸含量影响较小,各处理间差异不明显;至收获期,先行5号和豫玉22分别以大喇叭口期追施450 kg/hm2和基施225 kg/hm2钾肥处理的游离氨基酸含量最高。施钾不利于高淀粉玉米支链淀粉和总淀粉的积累,但基施450 kg/hm2对增加其直链淀粉含量有一定作用;大喇叭口期追施对低淀粉玉米淀粉品质的改良效果好于基施。施钾能提高两品种的清蛋白和球蛋白含量,且对先行5号来说,基施的效果优于大口期追施,而豫玉22则相反;施钾可以提高先行5号的醇溶蛋白含量,降低豫玉22的醇溶蛋白含量;不同时期施钾对高、低淀粉玉米籽粒谷蛋白含量的影响较小,两品种间差异不明显。

Effects of Application Stages and Rates of Potassium on Quality of Maize with Different Starch Content

Two maize varieties of Xianxing 5 with higher starch content and Yuyu22 with lower starch content were used to study the effects of different application stages and rates of potassium on maize quality.The results showed that application stages and rates had no obvious effects on free amino acids in the kernels of the two maize varieties.Fertilizing Xianxing 5 with 450 kg/hm2 of K at male tetrad stage and Yuyu22 with 225 kg/hm2 of basal K respectively,the contents of free amino acids were the highest at harvest time.Fertilizing K was useless the accumulation of amylopectin and total starch in high-starch maize,but 450 kg/hm2 of basal K fertilizer was helpful to increase its amylose content.The effect of fertilizing K at male tetrad stage was better than that of basal K for improving starch quality of low-starch maize.Fertilizing K could increase the contents of albumin and globin;for Xianxing 5,the effect of basal K was better than that of fertilizing K at male tetrad stage,while the opposite for Yuyu22.Fertilizing K could increase the gliadin content of Xianxing 5 while it decreased that of Yuyu22.Application of K fertilizer at different stages had no obvious effects on the glutelin contents of high-and low-starch maize.