提高蔗田光能利用和经济效益的研究

作物生产是人类利用光能的一种经济有效的手段。然而,人们对阳光能的利用率迄今仍很低。所以,提高光能利用以增加作物产量,是农业生产的根本任务。本文讨论甘蔗育苗移栽和麦菜间作菜收后植蔗,对提高甘蔗以及其他与甘蔗轮、间、套种作物的光能利用之效应。研究表明,育苗移栽的甘蔗其茎高增加15.6厘米,茎径增加0.159厘米,每公顷有效茎数多6420条,所以,原料蔗茎产量增加13.66％,每公顷含糖量增加7.314吨,光能利用率增加0.0990～0.3795％。每公顷育苗移栽的甘蔗,农民收入增加870元,国家的利润约增加3000元。研究也表明,采用麦莱间作菜收后植蔗的办法,小麦按实际播种面积计算,每公顷增加736.5公斤,增产率达25％。此外,每公顷增收蔬菜15吨。由于蔬菜比小麦早收获一个多月,甘蔗可早种,又不受其他作物荫蔽,所以,茎高增加6.7厘米,茎径增加0.05厘米,每公顷有效茎数增加21930条,每公顷原料蔗产量增加27.588吨,增产率为24.70％。另外,间作物大豆也可以早播,每公顷增产429.17公斤。光能利用率合计增加0.3932％,农民每公顷利润增加1260～1290元。上述两种措施已由福建省科委组织技术鉴定,证明经济效果显著。已在全国主要蔗区推广。

A STUDY FOR INCREASING UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY AND ITS ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY IN SUGARCANE PRODUCTION

Crop production is an economical and effective means of solar energy utilization. However. the efficiency of solar energy is still very low up to date. It is important to increase the utilization of solar energy in order to increase the yield of field crop. Such a way of improvement may be considered as the fundamental or basic factor in agricultural production. The present paper discusses the effect of increasing solar energy utilization in sugarcane in such measures as interplanting, sowing crops under sugar cane, transplanting sugarcane seedlings, interplanting wheat and vegetables with sugarcane as well as planting cane cuttings after vegetable harvested.