热带糯质高粱种质选育及改良利用

旨在分析热带糯质资源在高粱育种中的利用价值及对杂种优势的影响,以商丘市农林科学院自有种质作为研究对象,导入热带糯质资源,选育出稳定的不育系,并对所配组合的农艺性状进行方差及相关性分析。结果表明:‘M17A’所配组合的产量、穗粒重、单穗重等性状与其他组合比较均达到极显著水平,组合8的小区产量最高,为15.17 kg;穗部各性状与产量间的相关系数依次为穗粒重>单穗重>穗长>千粒重>轴长>着壳率>角质率,穗粒重与产量的相关系数为0.957,呈极显著正相关,说明在高粱高产育种中,应重点选择穗大、结实率高的种质;‘M17A’所配组合的淀粉含量与其他组合比较均达极显著水平,说明高粱淀粉含量受遗传基因控制。对于热带种质的利用应选择大穗型,角质率低的材料。

Tropical Waxy Sorghum Germplasm: Breeding and Improvement

The aim is to analyze the use value of tropical waxy resources during sorghum breeding, and the resources’ effect on sorghum heterosis. Taking the germplasms from Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as the materials, tropical waxy resources were introduced, and the stable sterile lines were bred. The agronomic traits were analyzed with variance analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the yield, grain weight and weight per ear of ‘M17A’ combination were significantly different from those of other combinations. The combination 8 had the highest yield per plot, which was 15.17 kg. The correlation coefficient between ear traits and yield was: grain weight > weight per ear > ear length > 1000-grain weight > axis length > shelling rate > cutin rate; the correlation coefficient between grain weight and yield was 0.957, which showed an extremely significant positive correlation, indicating that the germplasm with large ear and high seed setting rate should be selected during the sorghum high yield breeding. The starch content of ‘M17A’ was significantly different from that of other combinations, which meant that the sorghum starch content was controlled by genetic genes. Therefore, the material with large panicle type and low cutin rate should be selected for the utilization of tropical germplasm.