酵素炭基肥对设施番茄产量和品质的影响

旨在研究以酵素碳肥替代化肥作为大棚番茄底肥时,对番茄产量和品质的影响。采用田间小区试验,以大棚番茄为研究对象,设传统底肥处理(CK1)“三16%”复合肥832.5 kg/hm2;化肥与秸秆配施处理(CK2)“三16%”复合肥832.5 kg/hm2+水稻秸秆555 kg/hm2;酵素炭处理,1387.5 kg/hm2 (BF)。分析了番茄的农艺性状、产量、氨基酸含量和品质指标。酵素碳处理较CK1、CK2更能有效促进番茄根系、茎干生长,增加果实大小;酵素碳较CK1增产12.6%,较CK2增产6.7%;氨基酸总含量较CK1增加71.7%,较CK2增加117.7%。其中EAA、NEAA、CEAA、甜味氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸的含量高于CK1、CK2;酵素炭处理除维生素C、总酸外,总糖、糖酸比、蛋白质、番茄红素比CK1、CK2高。酵素碳处理较传统底肥处理和化肥配施秸秆处理更能促进番茄植株的生长和产量;总体上更能提升番茄果实的品质。因此,设施蔬菜生产中,用酵素炭部分替代化肥是可行的。

Biochar-based Fertilizers: Effects on Yield and Quality of Tomato

The purpose is to study the effect of biochar-based fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of tomato. A field plot experiment was conducted and the tomato in greenhouse was used as material. Three treatments were set up: traditional chemical fertilizer treatment (CK1) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm ²; chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw (CK2) of “Three 16%” compound fertilizer 832.5 kg/hm ²+rice straw 555 kg/hm ²; and biochar-based fertilizer 1387.5 kg/hm ² (BF). The agronomic characters, yield, amino acid content and quality of tomato were analyzed. Compared with CK1 and CK2, biochar-based fertilizer promoted the growth of roots and shoots, and increased fruit size obviously. Compared with those of CK1 and CK2, the yield of BF was increased by 12.6% and 6.7%, respectively, and the total amino acid content was increased by 71.7% and 117.7%. The contents of EAA, NEAA, CEAA, sweet amino acid and aromatic amino acid were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. Except for vitamin C and total acid, in BF treatment, the content of total sugar, sugar-acid ratio protein and lycopene were higher than those of CK1 and CK2. In summary, biochar-based fertilizer could promote the growth and yield of tomato plant compared with traditional chemical fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw, and it is feasible to partially substitute chemical fertilizer in facility vegetable production.