中国甜菜主要种质资源抗病性鉴定与评价

旨在鉴定与评价不同生态区甜菜主要种质资源的抗病性,为种质资源在抗病育种上科学有效利用提供依据。以甜菜3个生态区的313份主要种质资源为试材,在自然发病条件下,按照甜菜的规范标准,调查种质的发病级数,计算病情指数,划分抗性级别。鉴定出高抗甜菜褐斑病种质资源85份、抗病89份,抗甜菜根腐病种质资源11份,抗甜菜丛根病种质资源3份,抗甜菜白粉病种质资源28份。同时鉴定出兼抗2种病害的种质资源,高抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗丛根病种质资源2份,高抗褐斑病兼抗白粉病种质资源20份。结果表明,中国甜菜种质资源比较匮乏,除抗褐斑病种质资源外,抗根腐病、丛根病和白粉病的资源不但数量少,而且抗性级别低。

Disease Resistance of Major Beta vulgaris Germplasms in China: Identification and Evaluation

The study aims at detecting and evaluating the disease resistance of the major Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) germplasm sources in different ecological regions in China, and providing suggestions for their scientific and effective application in sugar beet anti-disease breeding studies. 313 germplasm sources from three ecological regions were collected as test materials. Under natural disease condition, according to the official standard for beet, the data of symptom grade were investigated, disease index was calculated and resistance levels were divided, respectively. 85 highly-resistant germplasms and 89 resistant germplasms to cercospora leaf spot were identified. 11 germplasms resistant to root rot, 3 germplasms resistant to rhizomania, 28 germplasms resistant to powdery mildew were identified. Meanwhile, germplasms with complex resistance to two diseases were identified. 5 germplasms highly-resistant to both leaf spot and root rot, 5 germplasms resistant to both leaf spot and root rot, 2 germplasms resistant to both leaf spot and rhizomania, 20 germplasms highly-resistant to leaf spot and resistant to powdery mildew were identified. The results suggest that the resistant germplasm sources in China are inadequate. Except the germplasm resources resistant to leaf spot, the germplasm resources resistant to root rot, rhizomania and powdery mildew are rare and have low resistant level.