湖南特有种子植物分布特征研究

【目的】为了探究湖南省特有种子植物分布特征,为湖南特有种子植物的保护工作以及生物多样性的研究提供理论依据和数据基础。【方法】通过资料收集和考证,并结合近二十年的野外考察,整理了湖南特有种子植物名录及其地理分布情况,并将湖南特有种子植物县域尺度分布图与省内自然保护区分布图叠加,分析了科属特征、区系成分、分布特点及保护状况。【结果】湖南共有特有种子植物115种,隶属于36科64属,其中草本植物占多数(58.26%);含有5种及其以上的科有苦苣苔科、杜鹃花科、菊科、禾本科、毛茛科、荨麻科共6个科,属有报春苣苔属、杜鹃属、楼梯草属共3个属;属的区系成分表现为温带成分(48.44%)略多于热带成分(35.94%),亚热带地区过渡性质明显;省内特有种子植物主要集中分布于南部和西部地区,且保护区的分布范围和密度与特有种子植物的分布状况基本符合,多数特有种子植物可能得到了有效的保护。【结论】湖南特有种子植物种类较为丰富,植物区系成分复杂,具有亚热带地区的过渡性质,与湖南的地理位置及地形环境相符合;特有种子植物集中分布于南部和西部地区,中部、北部及东部地区未出现分布中心;多数特有种子植物因分布于保护区内可能得到了有效的保护,但还需要进一步的研究,以对其生存及保护状况做出评价,确定濒危等级。

Study on the distribution characteristic of endemic seed plants to Hunan

【Objective】In order to explore the distribution characteristics of endemic seed plants in Hunan,it provides theoretical basis and data basis for the protection of endemic seed plants and the study of biodiversity.【Method】Based on literature and specimen examination,along with approximately two decades of field investigations,a list of endemic seed plants of Hunan province,as well as the geographical distribution,are presented.And by overlaying the county-scale distribution map of endemic seed plants on the distribution map of nature reserves in Hunan.The characteristics of families and genera,flora composition,distribution characteristics and conservation status were analyzed.【Result】There were 115 endemic seed plants belonging to 36 families and 64 genera in Hunan,58.26%of which were herbaceous plants;6 families(Gesneriaceae,Ericaceae,Asteraceae,Poaceae,Ranunculaceae,Urticaceae)and 3 genera(Primulina,Rhododendron,Elatostema)had over 5 species;The temperate distribution of the genera(48.44%)was slightly more than the tropical distribution of the genera(35.94%),which indicated an obvious transitional characteristic of the subtropical region.The endemic seed plants mainly distributed in the southern and western of Hunan.The distribution of the reserves was basically in line with the distribution of the endemic seed plants,which revealed that most endemic seed plants may be effectively protected.【Conclusion】The endemic seed plants are rich and the flora is complex in Hunan.It has the transitional characteristic of the subtropical region and is consistent with the geographical location and topographical environment of Hunan.The endemic seed plants are concentrated in the southern and western,and there are no distribution centers in the central,northern and eastern of Hunan.Most endemic seed plants may be effectively protected due to their distribution in nature reserves.However,further research is needed to evaluate its survival and protection status and determine the level of endangerment.