广州城市园林绿地食源树种应用及其生态景观营造

【目的】城市鸟类及蜂蝶类群落结构多样性是城市生物多样性的重要组成部分和生态环境质量的重要评价标准之一。了解城市园林绿地食源树种的应用,探讨食源树种的生态特性及其景观特征。【方法】调查了广州市12处城市绿地食源树种的应用,观察鸟类及蜂蝶类的取食情况,记录绿地中食源树种的种类、应用频次、配置方式及生长状况,归纳分析食源树种群落构成、观赏特性、生态性等。【结果】广州园林绿地常见食源树种有23科33属45种,其中鸟类食源树种25种,蜂蝶类食源树种20种,以桃金娘科、桑科、大戟科为主,并以乡土种为主、外来驯化种为辅;食源树种的观赏与被取食时间主要集中于春夏季(31种),秋冬季的相对较少(16种)。【结论】广州市绿地的食源树种资源丰富,约300种,但常见鸟类及蜂蝶类食源树种仅占18%,结合良好适应性、抗逆性、取食性、观赏性,归纳出20种优势乡土食源树种;同时对食源树种群落组成结构进行分析,在兼顾食源树种的观赏性与生态性的基础上,设计出6组可在广州城市园林绿地推广应用的生态配置群落,采用树种混交与立体复合栽植的形式,乔、灌、草结合,形成丰富的水平与垂直植物群落结构,提高绿地生境异质性,增加食源树种的数量及丰富度,提供丰富稳定的食物来源,为鸟类及蜂蝶类提供多样的稳定栖息地。研究结果将对城市园林绿地食源树种的合理选择与科学配置应用,以及营造鸟类及蜂蝶类昆虫生态景观具有现实指导意义。

Application of food source tree species and the construction of ecological landscape in urban green space of Guangzhou

【Objective】As an important part of urban biodiversity and one of the important evaluation criteria for the quality of ecological environment,the structural diversity of urban bird,bee and butterfly communities was an important part of urban biodiversity.This study went to understand the application and discuss the ecology and landscape characters of the food source tree species in urban areas.【Method】The bird-feed trees and nectar trees for bees and butterflies were investigated at 12 urban green spaces in Guangzhou.The feeding conditions of birds and butterflies were observed,and the application frequency configuration and growth status of feeding source tree species in greenbelt were recorded.The community composition,the ornamental characteristics,the ecology of the urban green space were analyzed.【Result】Guangzhou was rich in tree species,about 300 species,but only 18%of common birds and butterflies’food source trees.The results showed that the common food source trees in the urban green space of Guangzhou belonged to 45 species,33 genera,and 23 families,including 25 species of bird-feed trees and 20 species of nectar trees,which were the main of the Myrtaceae,Moraceae,Euphorbiaceae.The majority of the food trees in Guangzhou were indigenous species and supplemented by foreign domesticated species.The viewing time and the collection time of food source plants were in the spring and summer(31 species),and in the autumn and winter(16 species).【Conclusion】Combined with good adaptability,resistance,feeding ability and ornamental ability,20 dominant native food source tree species were summarized.At the same time,based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the community of food source trees,and considering the ornamental and ecological characteristics of food source trees,6 groups of ecological configuration communities that could be popularized and applied in Guangzhou urban green space were laid out.In the form of mixed tree species and three-dimensional compound planting,a rich horizontal and vertical plant community structure was formed through the combination of shrub and shrub to improve the heterogeneity of greenbelt habitat,increasing the number and richness of feeding tree species,and provided a rich and stable food source and diverse stable habitats for birds,bees and butterflies.The results would be of practical significance for the rational selection and scientific allocation of food source species in urban green space,as well as the construction of ecological landscape for birds and bee butterflies.