温度对皱纹盘鲍摄食和耗氧率的影响

为了测定皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)在不同温度下摄食和耗氧率的变化,设计了室内控温实验。以7~8月龄（壳长2.67±0.02 cm）和19~20月龄（壳长6.91±0.04 cm）两组皱纹盘鲍为实验对象,分别在5个温度梯度(5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃)下饲育30天,并记录鲍的摄食率和耗氧率。结果表明,7~8月龄鲍的摄食率和耗氧率显著高于19~20月龄鲍(P<0.05);鲍的摄食率和耗氧率均随水温的升高而增加,并在20℃二者均达到最高值,当温度超过20℃时,二者随温度的升高而减少。19~20月龄鲍5℃和10℃组的摄食率和耗氧率与20℃组差异极显著(P<0.01),15℃和25℃组与20℃组差异显著(P<0.05);7~8月龄鲍20℃组的摄食率与其他温度差异显著(P<0.05),而20℃的耗氧率和15℃、25℃差异不显著(P>0.05);相关性分析显示,摄食率和耗氧率与温度间符合三次函数关系。该实验发现,皱纹盘鲍的摄食和耗氧率受温度变化的影响显著,适宜温度在20℃左右,这对进一步研究鲍合理健康养殖具有重要意义。

Temperature Effects on Feeding and Oxygen Consumption Rate of Haliotis discus hannai Ino

To determine the changes in feeding and oxygen consumption rate of Haliotis discus hannai Ino at different temperature, a laboratory experiment was designed. Two groups of abalone were used as the experimental materials, at 7-8 months old (shell length 2.67±0.02 cm) and 19-20 months old (shell length 6.91±0.04 cm), respectively, cultured under 5 temperature regimes (5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃) for 30 d. The feeding rate was recorded. The oxygen consumption rate of abalone was determined by using iodimetry. The results showed that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of the younger abalones (7-8 months) were significantly higher than the older ones (19-20 months). The feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of abalone increased with increasing temperature and reached a peak at 20℃, then decreased with further increase of temperature. The feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of 19-20 months old abalone in the 5℃ and 10℃ group differed extremely and significantly from those in the 20℃ group (P<0.01), and the 15℃ and 25℃ group differed significantly from those in the 20℃ group (P<0.05). The feeding rate of 7-8 months old abalone in the 20℃ group was significantly different with those of other temperature groups (P < 0.05), however, the oxygen consumption rate in the 20℃ group had no significant difference with those of 15℃ and 25℃group (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate were in accordance with a cubic function relationship. This study indicates that the feeding rate and oxygen consumption rate of abalone are significantly affected by temperature changes, the suitable temperature is about 20℃, which is of significance for further study on the reasonable and healthy aquaculture of abalone.