中国草鱼产业发展的空间分布及演化研究——基于标准椭圆模型

为研究大宗淡水鱼养殖和产业空间优化问题,基于标准椭圆模型,以大宗淡水鱼产量最多的草鱼为研究对象,2006—2016年国内31个省级行政区草鱼产业养殖规模为基准,分析草鱼产业发展的空间分布格局（集聚度、重心、范围、方向）、演变特征及影响因素。研究表明,国内草鱼产业空间演变呈离散化集聚发展态势。长江流域中上游地区产量的稳步增加,西北干旱、半干旱地区的草鱼养殖扩大,推动了草鱼产业标准椭圆向西、向北偏移。草鱼产业发展的空间布局呈现分散化集聚,草鱼养殖逐渐由粗放型养殖向精细化养殖方式转变,产业发展在空间上存在由中东部向西、向北传递机制。这主要是草鱼具有良好的环境适应性、中西部成本较为低廉和市场扩大效应导致的。

Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Grass Carp Industry in China: Based on Standard Elliptic Modela

The paper aims to study the large-scale freshwater fish farming and industrial space optimization. Based on the standard ellipse model, the grass carp with the largest output of freshwater fish was selected as the research object. The spatial distribution pattern (agglomeration degree, gravity center, scope and direction), evolution characteristics and influencing factors of grass carp industry development were analyzed based on the scale of grass carp industry in 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China from 2006 to 2016. The spatial agglomeration of grass carp industry in China shows a trend of discrete agglomeration. The steady increase of output in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin and the enlargement of grass carp culture in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China have promoted the shift of the standard ellipse of grass carp industry to the west and north. The spatial distribution of grass carp industry development presents decentralized agglomeration. Grass carp farming gradually changes from extensive farming to fine farming. The spatial transmission mechanism of grass carp industry development is from the central and eastern regions to the west and north. This is mainly due to the good environmental adaptability of grass carp, relatively low cost in the central and western regions and the expansion effect of the market.